Question

List and describe the principles of volume, pressure and flow

Answer 1

Pascal's Principle : Pascal's principle states that in a hydraulic system if a pressure is exerted on a piston, it will produce an equal increase in pressure at all the points and in all the directions equally

P1 = P2

(F1/A1) = (F2/A2)

Bernoulli's Principle : Bernoulli's principle in basic terms states that as the speed or kinetic energy of a fluid increases, it's pressure or potential energy decreases.

P1 + (1/2)×p×​​​​​​(v1)^2 + p​​​​​gh1 = P2 + (1/2)×p​​​​​×(v2)^2 + p​​​​​​pgh2

P1, P2 : pressure energy at two different points 1,2 respectively

p : density of fluid

v1, v2 : speed of fluid at point 1,2

h1, h2 : potential head of fluid at points 1,2

Principle of Continuity : Principle of Continuity states that the product of cross sectional area of the pipe and the velocity of the fluid at any given point along the pipe always remains constant.

A1×V1 = A2×V2

A1, A2 = area of cross section at point 1,2

V1,V2 = velocity of fluid at point 1,2

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