Question

How can you tell how many different types of Carbon and Protons are present in a compound?

Answer 1

We can determine the different types of carbon and protons in a compound by Nuclear magnetic resonance techniques

1) Proton NMR : in this technique we analyze the organic compound for detection of different types proton. the chemically non equivalent protons give different signal in a NMR of compound. They differ due to difference in electronic envoronment around them which makes them magnetically non equilvalent for exposure of applied magnetic field in presence of Radiowaves.

They flip at different energies when Radiowaves are applied

2) The C-NMR: It is used to analyze different carbonds in NMR. The external magnetic field experience by carbon nuclei (C-13) is dependant on the electronic environment near to it. which means that the atoms attached to carbon atoms will make them different from each other. The chemical shift of carbon with highly electronegative element will be high then with two hydrogens which will be different from carbon bearing three hydrogens.

So CH3CH2CH2OH will give three different peaks in the C-13 NMR spectra and Four in Proton -NMR signals