Question

Describe the purpose of the logic model and how it is used in program development. Discuss the purpose of input, output, and outcomes in the model.

Answer 1

A logic model  is a tool used by funders, managers, and evaluators of programs to evaluate the effectiveness of a program.they can play an important role in clarifying and documenting the underlying theory and logic of a program's functioning. It is also used to simplify complex relationships between various components and can be used during program planning, implementation and evaluation.

It clarifies expectations amongst diverse stakeholders and highlights common understanding regarding intended outcomes of the proposed change. Logic models can be viewed as a representation of the program’s underlying theory of change.

A planning and evaluation tool help to identify gaps in program logic while also being used to negotiate roles and responsibilities of partners and staff. In addition, logic models can be used as a communication tool to gather support or funding for an initiative.During implementation of an initiative, a logic model can help with program management by maintaining accountability to the activities or areas identified in the logic model. It can also support program monitoring ensuring the program stays on track or identify areas in need of adjustment. The logic model provides guidance on possible evaluation questions and what measures or indicators to use to identify program success. It also aids in identifying how program components should affect each other and facilitates measuring the degree to which an intervention is delivered as intended. Logic models should be responsive to program changes. Significant changes that are made to a program which influence model components, such as changes in strategy, should be reflected in an updated logic model.Periodic updates and revisions not only keep logic models current, but also helps staff and stakeholders stay focused on program outcomes.

Purpose of input, output, and outcomes in the logic model-

Inputs required to implement a project may seem like an obvious initial step. However, projects can falter if the necessary resources are not available in the right place, at the right time. Combination of safety concerns, logistical challenges and damage to local transport infrastructure as a result of conflict can hamper efforts to transport essential equipment, personnel salaries and other materials to project sites. Developing input indicators to monitor the availability of essential resources can provide early warning of these challenges.

Output describes the delivery of products, including, but not limited to: the providing training and technical assistance; creating standards and legislative documents; investing in buildings and infrastructure; and hiring staff required to implement a project. When combined with measures of inputs and activities, output can provide measures of economy and efficiency, describing the relationship between investments in a project and products.

outcome are important mechanisms for ensuring transparency and accountability, describing the return on donor investments and the benefits that a project delivers. Effective outcome indicators typically combine quantitative and qualitative measures, describing the number of people benefitting from a project and the nature of those benefits.