Question

Review and discuss the goals identified by Healthy People 2020 that are related to reducing violence? include reference

Answer 1

In this modern world, injuries and violence are more prevalent in the society. Most of the people accept them as "accidents "," acts of fate or destiny", or as a part of their "life". However, most events resulting in injury, disability or death are predictable and preventable. The injury and violence prevention objectives for 2020 represent a broad range of issues, which properly addressed , will enhance the health of the nation

Understanding various factors/determinants for injury and violence prevention

Numerous determinants can affect the risk of unintentional injury and violence:

Individual behaviors

The choices people make about individual behaviors such as alcohol and drug use,or other risk-behaviors are the factors which predisposes to injuries in the social and physical environment

Physical environment

The physical environment both in the home and the community can affect the rate of injuries related to falls, fires and burns, road traffic injuries , drowning and violence

Access to services

Access to health services and counselling services after an injury or violence such as systems created for injury-related care ranging from pre-hospital and acute care rehabilitation, can redice the consequences of injury such as death and long-term disability

Societal Environment

• The societable environment has a significant influence on the risk of injury and violence through:
• Individual social experience such as social norms, education and victimization history
• Social relationships. For e.g: parnetal monitoring and supervision of youth, peer group associations and family-interactions
• Community environment. For instance, cohesion in schools, neighbourhood and communities
• Societal level factors- cultural beliefs, attitudes,incentives and disincentives, laws and regulations

Interventions that address these social and physical factors have the potential to prevent unintentional injuries and violence. Efforts to prevent unintentional injury may focus on:

Modifications of the environment

• Improvements in the product safety
• Legislation and enforcement
• Education and behavior change
• Technology engineering

Efforts to prevent violence may focus on:

Changing social norms about the acceptability of the violence and willingness to intervene

Improving skills and competence . For e.g: communication,impulse control, parenting, conflict resolution and coping)

Fostering safe, stable, nurturing relationships and environment for children and families

Changing policies to address the social and economic conditions that often give rise to violence

Emerging issues in Violence prevention:

While not included in the objectives of Helathy people 2020, there are several issues in violence prevention that need further research, analysis and monitoring

In the area of violence,there is a better understand the trends, causes and prevention strategies:

• Bullying, dating violence,sexual vilence among youth
• Elder maltreatment, particularly in respect to quantifying and understanding the problem
• Overlapping causes of violence and strategies that can prevent multiple forms of violence