Question

From the examples found within Chapter 2 of the text (Public Health Risk Assessment for Human Exposure to Chemicals by D. Kofi Asante-Duah ), select 2 carcinogens, 2 non-carcinogens, and 2 developmental toxins list the six chemicals and compose a short paragraph on why you chose those compounds.

PS. I dont not have the text for this question hence the name of the text in bracket in the question posted. Please help me out. Thanks!

Answer 1

the text ought to be reffered does not contain direct examples, however similar instances have been picked up to answer.

CARCINOGENS

1. Asbestos: Asbestos lauded as miracle because of its properties of durability and resistance to many chemical reactions but later on the reseachers realised its potential danger being a carcinogen. when the materials containing asbestos starts to decompose, the fibres become airborne very easily and are readily tracted. While some asbestos (chrysotile and apmhibole) are considered more harmful than others, yet no amount of exposure is considered safe. Inhalation of asbestos as well as exposure to skin leads to cancerous outcomes. Asbestos has been choosen as its potenital to cause cancer is not easily detectable; also the patient himself sometimes does not comprehend the reason for his carcinoma to be realted to asbestos as fibre exposure can be directly contracted through direct exposure or through aerosol of the infected person.

2. Lead poisioning : it has been chossen beacuse lead poisioning has symptoms just like any other infection but the chronic implications are worst. Researchers term this poisioning to be probably carnogenic as no strong evidences have been turned up for odds in favour however, animal models under research obligations have been demontrated to depict lead being the possible cause for development of several kinds of tumours . Lead has been used for ages now because of its ductile and mallable instincts, shine and easy avialability.lead finds extensive use in daily use commodities as well as in manufacture of ammunition, ceramics, photography, batteries, building materials, plumbing etc. possible contraction occurs by breathing in air exposed to lead or due to contamination of amenties where neither it breaks down, nor is it removed. The centre for disease control (US) has designated the upper limit for lead present in human blood being safe as10 µg/dl for adults and 5 µg/dl for children.

NON- CARCINOGENS

1.Air borne suspended particles: dust, soot, smoke upon exposure for longer period of time can lead to several anomalies. Suspended particles are a topic of choice because exposure cannot be avoided and symptoms are generally latent. take for an instance; smoke, the infection could be direct (active smokers) or indirect ( passive smokers) but the effect are nearly same.For ten cigerettes smoked, their is a mutation in the DNA that causes normal cells to behave oddly and the consequences could be as worst as death. Not only does it affect the person in taking but also his progeny is affected.

2. Emmitent gases : gases like chloroflorocarbon, carbon monoxide etc as the by products from nuclear plants, air conditioned cars etc lead to an overall rise in temperature consequently leading to greenhouse effect, creating a warmer earth day in day out.

DEVELOPMENTAL TOXINS

1. Products of consumption : junk food, packaged material etc once intaken by a potential mother transfer the threats of birth defects or inborn errors of metabolism to the new born. exposure to toxins produced by bacteria in the processed food/additives leads to many harmful conditions for example PCOS( polycystic ovary syndrome) affecting almost every 10^th women in the world , also being the leading cause of infertility.

2. Substance abuse :dependence on medicine for minor conditions can affect the progeny for instance taking hormones or antibiotics as a self employed medication to any issue. however in some conditions medication is important uner the bonds of medical prescription eg. folic acid deficeincy leads to Down syndrome and other birth defects.