Question

In: Biology

At your job as a genetic counselor, your client is a distraught young woman. She explains...

At your job as a genetic counselor, your client is a distraught young woman. She explains to you that her mother has blood type A, her father has blood type AB, and she has blood type O. She has been told that this is not genetically possible. Your initial suspicion in this case is that there was infidelity (i.e. her father is not really her father), but the young woman refuses to accept this explanation. For her sake, you agree to investigate other possibilities. Your assignment in this project therefore is to determine if there is a logical genetic explanation for this scenario, or if infidelity must be concluded. In formulating your answer, be sure to include explanations of how multiple alleles and epistasis affect inheritance patterns.

Expert Solution

ABO blood grouping system is an example of multiple alleles in which a single character have a number of biochemical reactions.

by looking at the above crosses, it seems like o blood group phenotype is not possible.

But there is an explanation other then that the male is not the real father.

THE BOMBAY PHENOTYPE.

almost everyone have H substance in their red blood cells.

H substance contain 3 sugar molecules : galactose (gal), fucose and N-acetylglucosamine (AcGluNH).

FUT1 gene helps in addition of fucose to galactose and AcGluNH. Thus, the complete H substance is formed.

As shown in the picture.

If organism has allele I^a, AcGalNH will be added to H substançe. A antigen will formed and blood type will be A.

Similary, I^B allele add galctose to H substance.

In case of o blood type, H substance remains as such.

In individuals, having HH, Hh genotypes , H substance will form normally.

In individual with genotype hh, which is homozygous recessive mutation, the FUT1 gene will not work and H substance will not be formed.

Because of this , allele I^A and I^B can not add galactose or N acetylgalactosamine.

Hence, there will be no antigen and then it does not matter what genotype the organism has, it will only act as o blood type functionally.

In this given case, it does not matter whether the daughter is A, AB Or B, she will be o blood type functionally.

This is also an example of epistasis.

Epistasis: when one pair of gene masks or supresses the expression of other gene.

hh gene pair is inhibiting alleles I^a and I^b.

I really hope this would help :)

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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