Question

6. Describe the heterokaryotic/dikaryotic stages in fungal life cycles.  

7. Describe the evidence that suggests that Fungi and Animalia are sister kingdoms. What is the evidence that the common ancestor for both was a "protists"?  

8. Explain why Ectomycorrhizal and Abuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) are ecologically important.  

9. What do fungi and plants give each other in their relationship?

Answer 1

6.Heterokaryotic stage means a fungal cell contains two different haploid nuclei of different parental origin in its cell. It means a single fungal cell contanis two or more nuclei. These nuclei do not fuse and they have different parental lineage, . These nuclei are genetically diffrent but allelically compatable.This is advantageous to fungi in terms of diploidy. If one nuclei contains harmful mutations or genes .....it will will compensated by genes of another nuclei.

7. Fungi and animalia are having following similarities.

1. they are NOT autotrophs.They can not synthesize their own food. they depend on others for food

2. Chitin is present in both i.e fungai and animals but absent in plants. In fungi cellwall is made up chitin and in animals chitin is present in exoskeleton of some insects and molluscan shells

3. Some of the gamets of fungi contains flagellum like that of animals

4. The DNA sequece date proves the relation three fungi ,animals and protists . They originated from a single eukarotic clade called "opisthokonts.". Aost primitive forms of fungi consists flagella like that of protista and animalia. hence these evidences proves that Animalia and fungi are sister kingdoms

Q8. Ectomycorrhizal and abuscular mycorrhizal fungi are ecologically important because they promote plant growth.

Q9. Fungi promotes water absorption and mineral absorption in plants and in return plant provide carbohydrates to fungi as food