1. A 55-year-old man presents with many pimples and some larger puss-filled boils on their lower arms and hands. The patient is in pain and has redness around the infected site. The doctor is quick to categorize it is a Staph infection, but the patient comments that they have already been on two rounds of antibiotics, and wants a second opinion, since the infection has persisted.
   1. Why did the infection persist after two rounds of antibiotics?  
   2. What type of clinical diagnostic test would be used to verify the species of microorganism?
   3. How would you obtain a sample from the patient and prepare it for testing?
   4. Hypothesize what medications were first given, and their mode of action, and speculate what medications should be utilized, and how their mode of action and effective will differ.

1. A 24-year-old patient presents with dehydration and diarrhea after hiking on the application trail for two weeks. You are handed a fecal sample in the lab with directions to identify the genus and species, to allow the doctor to prescribe the proper medication. You know that the issue could be bacterial, protists, or parasitic. Please describe the different testing techniques for each, including stains, agars, and more, in addition to possible treatments.
   1. What steps would you take if the organism was a gram-negative bacterium? How would you identify the species? What medications might be given?
   2. What steps would you take if the organism was a protists? How would you identify the species? What medications might be given?
   3. What steps would you take if the organism was a parasite? How would you identify the species? What medications might be given?

1. Jane has been working in a drug testing lab for a few years. She is very familiar with antimicrobial testing. She is given a new drug to test for susceptibility and sensitivity. Her report needs to be detailed, listing all of the organisms that are susceptible and resistant, to back-up her results for the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration.
   1. Working in a lab where funding is an issue, describe how you would test the new drug. Be very detailed.
   2. Working in a lab where funding is no concern, describe how you would test the new drug.
   3. Create a small sample chart of the data that you would need to include in the report.

1. Research is coming out daily about COVID-19. One area of study is the primary versus second response infection response.
   1. Describe innate immunity to COVID-19.
   2. If a vaccine is approved, describe the adaptive immunity.
   3. What is the difference between primary and secondary responses, on a antibody/antigen level?
   4. Can a virus, like COVID-19, evade host defenses?

Sources?

1. Compare and contrast immune response in newborns, children, and the elderly, for VRE and MRSA.

• Research the Child Care and Early Year Act (CCEYA, 2014) for regulations pertaining to school-age care as well as the Bill 242 for extended care for kindergarten children. Links are provided in the Required Readings on SLATE.
• Based on the information researched, answer the following questions:

According to the CCEYA, what is the age group that school-age care programs serve? Please list all age groups.

According to the CCEYA, what are the staff/child ratio and maximum group size for different school-age care programs?

Based on Bill242, what are the staff/child ratio and maximum group size for kindergarten classrooms, and for extended care before and after school hours?

What is the staff qualification or training required to work in school-age care programs, or in kindergarten classrooms, or the extended care programs?

Are there different requirements for outdoor play areas for school-age children, or kindergarten children? Should the outdoor playground be fenced for the kindergarten children?

According to the CCEYA, what are the requirements for curriculum planning as well as indoor and outdoor schedules for school-age or kindergarten children during before and after school hours, PA days or March Break? Is the outdoor play time required for kindergarten and school-age children during PA days or March Break?

Has phenomenology influenced the way your think about nursing care and the way you care for patients?

1. What are some benefits of getting a cesarean section?

2. Why would a woman need an emergency c-section?

Jeri is a nurse on a medical-surgical unit. The unit director is encouraging all nurses to join a professional nursing organization. She recruits Jeri to create a display that describes the benefits of joining an organization, lists the organizations available, and explains social impacts on the perception of nursing.

1. How could Jeri describe how nursing organizations enhance the professional image of nursing?
2. Why might Jeri expect to meet resistance by the nurses on the unit?
3. Explain why it is important for nurses to understand the social impacts on the perception of the nursing profession.
4. How will the IOM recommendation of an 80% baccalaureate-prepared nursing workforce affect society's perception of the nursing profession? Take a stance for positive or negative and defend your position.
5. What steps can the nurse take to promote professionalism in daily practice?
6. The IOM recommendation of an 80% baccalaureate-prepared nursing workforce has changed the landscape of nursing education. Will this recommendation affect the professionalism of nursing practice?

• Medication error

  Medication Error Dale Buchbinder You are a physician making rounds on your patients when you arrive at Mrs. Buckman’s room. She’s an elderly lady in her late 70s who recently had colon surgery. She is also the wife of a prominent physician at the hospital. She has been known to be somewhat confrontational with the nursing staff. However, today she states she was just given a shot of insulin to cover her elevated blood sugar and the amount of insulin did not seem to be the usual amount. Even though Mrs. Buckman often complains, you are somewhat concerned about this observation and decide that it would be best to check on this. You ask the charge nurse to review the dose of insulin given. She, in turn, finds Mrs. Buckman’s nurse, who states that, as ordered, she had given the patient 80 units of insulin. You immediately become quite alarmed, as this is an extraordinarily large dosage. You make sure that the patient is given a large amount of glucose supplement and that her blood sugar is monitored every 15 minutes for the next two hours. To follow up, you also review the chart and note an order from the house physician to give Mrs. Buckman 8.0 units of insulin. You can readily see how this could easily appear to be 80 units. You meet with the charge nurse, the nursing supervisor, the Director of Nursing, and the treating nurse to determine what can be done to prevent this type of error in the future.

• Please answer the following questions.
• Background Statement?

• Major Problems and Secondary Issues?

• Your Role?

• Organizational Strengths and Weaknesses?

• Alternatives and Recommended Solutions?

• Evaluation?

Test I
1. A patient was rushed in the hospital following a bloody diarrhea several times. He was noted with a blood pressure of 78/40mmHg, respiration of 30, shallow and rapid, cold clammy skin, lethargic and is pale. Which of the following nursing intervention should the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply. *
4 points
A. IV fluid of 0.9% NSS using a gauge 22 needle inserted at the metacarpal veins.
B. Oxygen support at 5 liters per minute of oxygen using non-rebreather face mask.
C. IV line of PLRS given as IV bolus using a gauge 18 needle and another line of 0.9% NSS regulated at 140cc per hour.
D. STAT blood typing and securing type-specific blood product.
E. Elevating the head of the head at 90 degrees
F. Coordinating with the OR team for possible surgery.
2. A patient has been on steroid therapy for a longtime. She came in the hospital complaining of edema on both feet. Upon assessment, the nurse noted bilateral edema, pitting 2+, with coarse crackles on both lung fields and elevated blood pressure of 150/97mmHg. Which of the following nursing diagnosis is appropriate for the client?
A. Fluid volume deficit
B. Fluid volume excess
C. Risk for infection
D. Deficient knowledge
3. You are a nurse caring for a client with fluid volume excess secondary to SIADH. The physician orders: weigh patient daily. What are following are the rules in implementing the order to weigh patient daily.
4. The nurse was caring for a client with hyperkalemia secondary to acute renal failure. The serum K+ was noted at 6.8mmol/L. Which of the following interventions should the nurse anticipate implementing? Select all that apply
A. Attaching the patient to cardiac telemetry
B. Infusing normal balance maintenance IV fluids
C. Preparing to administer 10 units of regular insulin in 50ml of 50% dextrose in water solution to be given IVbolus
D. Preparing calcium gluconate slow IV push
E. Administering spironolactone
F. Preparing the patient for possible STAT hemodialysis
5. The patient has undergone total thyroidectomy 16 hours ago. While you are assessing her blood pressure, you noticed a slight twitching of the arm while inflating the cuff of the sphygmomanometer. Which of the following should the nurse suspect?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypercalcemia
6. A patient is diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and is maintained on magnesium sulfate infusion at 1 gram per hour. At around 8am, the urine drainage in her IFC is at 50cc. At 9am, the drainage was at 40cc and at 10am at drainage is at 38cc. Which of the following action should the nurse do? Select all that apply.
A. Stop the magnesium sulfate infusion
B. Report the finding to the physician
C. Continue the magnesium infusion, however, regulate it at 0.5 grams per hour.
D. Encourage oral fluid intake
E. Assess the respiratory rate and DTR of the client
7. A newly-hired nurse has been assigned in your floor. She is about give potassium IV to a client who was diagnosed with severe gastroenteritis with a serum potassium of 2.7mmol/L. You are observing her as she administer the drug. You noticed her that she connected the syringe in the needleless port of the 3-way stopcock in the main IV line. Which of the following is the appropriate intervention.
A. Interrupt the newly-hired nurse, instruct him to get another IV set for you and remove the syringe from the 3-way stopcock
B. Let the newly-hired nurse give the potassium direct IV telling her to give it via very slow IV push
C. Yell at the nurse and tell her she's committing a mistake.
D. Let the nurse give the potassium direct IV but report the incident to the supervisor.
8. The nurse was caring for a client with on total parenteral nutrition. He noted that the client has dry mouth, poor skin turgor with elevated serum sodium. Which of the following reasons may cause a person to be hypernatremic while on TPN? Select all that apply.
A. TPN does not contain enough water to meet the daily fluid requirement of the client.
B. Clients on tube or parenteral feeding usually are not given enough water.
C. TPN solutions are very high in sodium.
D. The patient in TPN is taking sodium supplements and diuretics

Describe in your own works Criteria of Causation and how it relates to exposure and a suspected risk factor? (EPIDEMIOLOGY)

You are required to use at least 3 different ACADEMICALLY credible articles/books/websites as references. You can use whatever search method you like but make sure your information is credible AND published within the last 5 years. The paper should be 3 full pages, no plagiarism

The following needs to be covered in the paper:

1. Describe the heart disease.

2. What happens to the person who has the heart disease?

3.How it is diagnosed

4. How it is treated

5.How it can be prevented

explain why having Parkinson's disease increases the risk of fall

A 3-year-old child is presenting with a general failure to thrive in combination with mild splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, as well as peripheral lymphadenopathy. The child has a history of recurrent viral respiratory infections and molluscum contagiosum. At the age of 20 months, he had to undergo surgery to remove a tumor from his bowel. Pathology indicated it was most likely the result of a lymphoproliferative disorder. The patient was found to be positive for Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) using blood serology. Serology also indicated the patient was positive for Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV). Flow cytometry indicated that total lymphocyte count, total B-cell and T-cell count, including T-cell subsets, were within normal limits. Family history indicates that the patient is from a consanguineous lineage and that several cousins also had a history of recurrent viral infections and failure to thrive.

1. What is this patient likely suffering from?

2. How would you confirm your provisional diagnosis?