Question

Which method is better for purifying a mixture of two liquids that boil at nearly the same temperature: simple distillation of fractional distillation? Explain your answer (Hint: your answer should explain the term "theoretical plates" and how they apply in this situation).

Answer 1

DISTILLATION

Distillation Distillation is a commonly used method for purifying liquids and separating mixtures of liquids into their individual components. Familiar examples include the distillation of crude fermentation broths into alcoholic spirits such as gin and vodka, and the fractionation of crude oil into useful products such as gasoline and heating oil. In the organic lab, distillation is used for purifying solvents and liquid reaction products. To understand distillation, first consider what happens upon heating a liquid. At any temperature, some molecules of a liquid possess enough kinetic energy to escape into the vapor phase (evaporation) and some of the molecules in the vapor phase return to the liquid (condensation). An equilibrium is set up, with molecules going back and forth between liquid and vapor. At higher temperatures, more molecules possess enough kinetic energy to escape, which results in a greater number of molecules being present in the vapor phase.

If the liquid is placed into a closed container with a pressure gauge attached, one can obtain a quantitative measure of the degree of vaporization. This pressure is defined as the vapor pressure of the compound, and can be measured at different temperatures.