Question

In: Biology

Please answer all parts. A) By binding in the A-site, tetracycline: A. Prevents the initiator tRNA...

Please answer all parts.

A)

By binding in the A-site, tetracycline:

A.
Prevents the initiator tRNA from binding
B.
Prevents the exit of empty tRNAs
C.
Prevents the next charged tRNA from binding in the ribosome

B)

If an antibiotic that binds to the E site of the ribosome is added right before translation starts, which one of the statements is TRUE?

A.
The end product only has 1 amino acid.
B.
Translation would not be affected.
C.
The end product only has 2 amino acids.

C)

The diagram below depicts translation as the fourth amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain. In the growing polypeptide chain, which amino acid is colored?

A.
Valine (Val)
B.
Methionine (Met)
C.
Isoleucine (Ile)
D.
Glutamine (Gln)
E.
Alanine (Ala)

D)

While the overall process and mechanism of translation is conserved across all living organisms, which of the following statements are true for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A.
The 70S ribosomal complex is composed of a large 50S and a small 30S subunit.
B.
The 3’ end of the 16S rRNA in the small ribosome subunit recognizes the Shine-Dalgarno sequence on the 5’ end of mRNA.
C.
The translation initiation complex is complete when the start codon (AUG) is positioned in the P site and the initiator tRNA carrying fMet (N-formylmethionine) binds.
D.
Peptidyl transferase catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between the amino acids in the P and A sites, and then the peptide chain moves to the tRNA at the A site.
E.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases translocate the ribosome by exactly one codon, moving the tRNA with the peptide chain in the A site to the P site.
F.
Translation termination occurs when a release factor binds a stop codon (UAG, UGA, UAA) in the A site.

Expert Solution

A) By binding in the A-site, tetracyclines:

ans) A. prevent the initiator tRNA from binding

because chimeric ribosomes with tetracycline photocrosslinked to the 30S subunit had diminished ability of binding tRNA to the ribosomal A-site compared with untreated 70S ribosomes, where as the P-site binding site remianed unaffected. And inhibition of A-site binding of tRNA by tetracycline.

B) When an antibiotic that binds to the E site of the ribosome is added right before translation starts, The end product only has 2 amino acids.

because, basically translation starts at '5' end to '3' end of mRNA, but incase of bacyeria the transulation is little different. Here the small ribosomal unit doestnot starts at the 5' end of the mRNA and travel towrd the 3' end . Instead,it attaches directly to certain sequences in the mRNA. These shine Dalgarno sequences come just before start codons and point them out to the ribosome.

Antibiotics block translation. In the process of translation, a cell reads information from molecules called mRNA and uses this information to build a protein. Translation is happeening constantly in a normal bacterial cell, just like it is in most of the cells of human body. When you take antibiotic , the molecules will latch onto key translation molecules inside of bacterial cells and basically stall them . with no way to make proteins, the bateria will stop fucnctioning and eventually die

When you take certain antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin), the antibiotic molecule will latch onto key translation molecules inside of bacterial cells and basically "stall" them. With no way to make proteins, the bacteria will stop functioning and, eventually, die.

C) Translation as the fourth amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain. In the growing polypeptide chain methionine is colored aminoacid

D)

ans.) F. Termination happens when astop codon in the mRNA (UAA, UAG, or UGA) in the A-site

Polypeptides, must eventually come to end. Translation ends in a process called termination.Termination happens when astop codon in the mRNA (UAA, UAG, or UGA) in the A-site. Stop codons are recognized by proteins called release factors.

gladiator answered 4 days ago

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