Question

botulism discuss epidemiology, pathogenesis, and safety issues.

Answer 1

Botulism is rare but is potentially fatal diis caused by the toxin released by the bacteria named Clostridum Botulinum. The onset of the disease is with weakness, blurred vision, feeling tired and trouble speaking that progresses further to muscles of arms, chest and legs.

Epidemiology:

Worldwide the cases of botulism is rare with approximately 1000 cases yearly. In United States an average of 145 cases are reported every year out of which 60%, 20% are wound botulism and 15 % are food borne. The number of cases of infant and foodborne botulism has changed in recent year, increased cases of wound botulism due to use of black tar heroin has been found.

The largest recorded foodborn botulism recorded in United Kingdom in June 1989. A total number of 27 patients were recorded and one died.Botulism can occur in both vertebrates and invertebrates.

Pathogenesis:

The toxin produced by the bacteria clostridium Botulinum is neurotoxin. The mechanism of action involves toxin mediated blockage of neuromuscular transmission of chollenergic nerve fibres.This is accomplished by inhibiting acetylcholine release at presynaptic clefts of myoneural junction or by binding of acetylcholine itself.

Safety issues:

The best way to prevent entry of the bacteria into body is preventing contaminating our food and bodily wounds.

• Be careful while canning the food at home.
• Donot give honey or corn syrup to infants. Prevent infant botulism by breast feeding only.
• See immediately when wound occurs.