Question

Respond to the questions below in 150 words or more per question.

Considering the Constitutional principle of federalism, explain the state’s potential stance for rejecting each of the three federal policies or proposals below. Clarify the rationale behind the federal government mandates. You must cite at least two articles or amendments from the Constitution in your response.

1. Testing and teacher accountability standards from No Child Left Behind
2. Federal requirements that states offer free tuition for all community colleges with federal funding covering part of the costs
3. Federal requirements that states adopt Common Core curriculum standards or risk losing federal funding  

Answer 1

Fedaralism is a particular system of governement under which the supreme power and authority is divided constittionally between the central governing authority and the constituent political units. In short the power of the government is equally divided among the Central and State Governements.  

Article 1, section 8 of the constitution focuses mainly on fedaralism. The main concept of fedaralis is the division of power among the central and state governments. At present we can see a new form of fedaralism called Progressive fedaralism - transfer of certain powers from the federal govenement to the states.  

The three key principles of fedaralism are:

i. separation of powers

ii. checks and balances

iii. bicameralism

The ultimate goal of fedaralism is to protect personal liberty, so that no government or no group will dominate all powers.  

The federal mandates are orders giving responsibility, action, procedure, etc.

No Child Left Behind Act includes several eudcational programmes conducted by the state government. Under which states are required to test students from classes of 3 - 8 in reading and maths. It reauthorised elementary and secondary education act, under which disadvantaged stdents are mainly focused. It supported quality and standard based education which could improve individual outcomes of education. Each state is authorised to fix its own standard.  

Following are the examples of Acts amended :

i. Adult Education and Family Literacy Act

ii. Age discrimination Act

iii. Refugee Education Assistance Act

The majority of programme funds are received by community colleges. The objective behind it is to make colleges self sufficient and to exapand their capacity to help students from poor income families.

The following are the successfl risk management methods:

i. identification

ii. assessment

iii. mitigation

State's potential stance for rejecting proposals are :

i. problem with no sufficient importance or failed to produce any new or useful information

ii.the proposal is based on a hypothesis

iii. the problem has only local significance

iv. If the problem is scientifically not approved and only a pilot study is conducted