Question

14-A patient with diabetes was admitted to the Emergency Room for diabetic ketoacidosis. Based on your knowledge, which of the following do you expect to observe from the patient that confirm this diagnosis? Select one:

a. Tachcardia and pH of 7.55.

b. a. Low urine output and Kussmaul's respiration.

c. Coma.

d. Blood glucose level of 265 mg/dL and plasma bicarbonate of 13 mEq/L.

15-Saud, a 28-year-old patient has been diagnosed with diabetes and was admitted to the medical department of the hospital. Suddenly, Saud became unresponsive, diaphoretic, and with cold- clammy skin. Which of the following does the nurse prioritize to implement?

Select one:

a. Administer glucagon IM as prescribed.

b. Administer 02 via nasal cannula.

c. Administer insulin as prescribed.

d. Draw blood and send it to the laboratory for analysis.

16-Which of the following is the priority nursing action of the nurse for a patient with hemolytic reaction during blood transfusion?

Select one:

a. Flush the line with NSS.

b. Inform the nurse supervisor.

c. Stop blood transfusion.

d. Notify the doctor.

17-What is the term used to describe an enlargement of the heart muscle?

Select one:

a. Cardiomyopathy.

b. Cardiomegaly.

c. Myocarditis.

d. Pericarditis.

18-Which of the following risk factors for coronary artery disease cannot be corrected? Select one:

a. Diabetes mellitus.

b. Cigarette smoking.

c. Hypertension.

d. Heredity.

19-What is the goal of treatment for leukemia patients?

Select one:

a. To ensure patient treat patients' discomfort.

b. To prolong patient life.

c. To attain remission.

d. a. To provide quality of life of patients.

20-Septal involvement occurs in which type of cardiomyopathy?

Select one: a. Hypertrophic.

b. Restrictive.

c. Dilated.

d. Congestive.

Answer 1

14. Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterised increased ketone bodies in the blood and urine. Insulin resistance impairs the glucose uptake by cells in diabetes. This results in cells to convert fat into ketone bodies for energy. Excess ketone bodies result in acidemia. It also reduces the bicarbonate levels in blood.
Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterised by high blood glucose and low bicarbonate levels.

So the answer is (d)

15. Treatment for hyperglycemia sometimes results in extreme drop of blood sugar levels. This is a major complication of diabetes and characterised by unresponsive, diaphoretic, and with cold- clammy skin.
Saud is experiencing hypoglycemia and should be given glucagon immediately to improve blood sugar levels.

so the answer is (a)

16. A hemolytic reaction during blood transfusion occurs when the body cells reject the donor blood cells and elicit an immune reaction known as hemolytic reaction. In such cases the blood transfusion should be stopped immediately.
So the answer is (c)

17. Cardiomyopathy is a cardiac condition characterised by alteration in cardiomyocytes that results in weakening of heart and heart becomes insufficient to pump blood.
Myocarditis is inflammation of cardiac muscles.
Pericarditis is the inflammation of the heart pericardium.
Cardiomegaly is characterised by enlargement of heart muscles.
So the correct answer is (b)

18. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cigarette smoking are modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease. They can be corrected and treated.
But hereditary is a non modifiable risk factor. It cannot be corrected.
So answer is heredity.
19. Leukemia is a blood cancer that causes the bone marrow to produce abnormal cells. Leukemia does not have any cure.
The leukemia therapy aims to achieve remission. The therapy aims to destroy the leukemia cells from blood which causes disappearance of symptoms for a few weeks.
So the answer is (c)

20. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involves hypertrophy of part of heart. It may be septal or heart chamber hypertrophy.

Restrictive cardiomyopathy is associated with stiffness of the walls of heart.
Dilated cardiomyopathy are dilation of the ventricular chamber of heart.
so the answer is (a) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.