Abstraction is the basis for good Object-Oriented design that is modular, reusable, and maintainable.

Interfaces and Abstract classes are two mechanisms in Java that provide high-level abstractions. An interface or abstract class is something which is not concrete, something which is incomplete.

For this discussion, what do you think is meant by “Programming to an interface”? What are some differences between Abstract Classes and Interfaces? Provide a simple example application with an interface definition and a class which implements the interface.

Give pseudocode to implement a phase of Boruvka’s algorithm. Argue that ˙ the running time of your implementation is O(m)

write a java programming using 2D arrey.
The Lo Shu Magic Square is a grid with 3 rows and 3 columns. The Lo Shu Magic Square has the following properties:

The grid contains the numbers 1 through 9 (each number only once)

The sum of each row, each column and each diagonal are the same

In a program you can simulate a magic square using a two-dimensional array. Write a method that accepts a two-dimensional array as an argument, and determines whether the array is a Lo Shu Magic Square. Test the function in a program.

Detailed Description:

In main create two arrays:

// Create a magic two-dimensional array.

      int[][] magicArray = { {4, 9, 2},

                             {3, 5, 7},

                             {8, 1, 6} };

      // Create a normal two-dimensional array.

      int[][] normalArray = { {1, 2, 3},

                              {4, 5, 6},

                              {7, 8, 8} };

For the normalArray call showArray and then showResult. Then do the same for magicArray

showArray accepts a two-dimensional array and prints it row by row

showResult call isMagicSquare with the two-dimensional array reference as the parameter. It prints a message based on the return value which is Boolean.

The isMagicSquare method accepts a two-dimensional int array as an argument, and returns true if the array meets all the requirements of a magic square. Otherwise it returns false. You can create separate methods to checkRange (all must be from 1-9), checkUnique (see if all values are unique), checkRowSum, checkColSum, checkDiagSum. If each of these 3 return true then it is a Magic Square.

Output should be

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 8

This is not a Lo Shu magic square.

4 9 2

3 5 7

8 1 6

This is a Lo Shu magic square.

Have insufficient privileges to install the program. What is wrong?

With four Boolean inputs mentioned in the first four columns of the following table, report the outputs from the circuits described by the Boolean expressions in the topmost row of the table in the 5^th and 6^th columns, in the corresponding rows in the 5^th and 6^th columns of the table. The circuit in the 5^th column uses two AND gates, two NOT gates, and one OR gate. The circuit in the 6^th column uses two AND gates and one OR gate. You can draw the circuits or construct partial truth tables which have just the given combinations of input values instead of the 16 possible combinations, if you wish. You can also find the answers by simply using the meaning of AND, OR, and NOT gates.

a. In your own words, define the concept of "Recursion" in terms of C++ programming.

b. In your own words, define the concept of "infinite recursion".

c. In your own words, define "mutual recursion" as it pertains to C++ programming.

Write a program that creates a two-dimensional array initialized with test data. Use any

primitive data type that you wish. The program should have the following methods:

• fillRandom. Accepts a reference to a two-dimensional array and fills it with random integers from 0 to 99
• formatPrint. This method should accept a two-dimensional array and print it out row by row
• getTotal. This method should accept a two-dimensional array as its argument and return the total of all the values in the array.
• getAverage. This method should accept a two-dimensional array as its argument and return the average of all the values in the array. Calls getTotal and getElementCount.
• getRowTotal. This method should accept a two-dimensional array as its first argument and an integer as its second argument. The second argument should be the sub- script of a row in the array. The method should return the total of the values in the specified row.
• getColumnTotal. This method should accept a two-dimensional array as its first argument and an integer as its second argument. The second argument should be the subscript of a column in the array. The method should return the total of the values in the specified column.
• getHighestInRow. This method should accept a two-dimensional array as its first argument and an integer as its second argument. The second argument should be the subscript of a row in the array. The method should return the highest value in the specified row of the array.
• getLowestInRow. This method should accept a two-dimensional array as its first argument and an integer as its second argument. The second argument should be the sub- script of a row in the array. The method should return the lowest value in the specified row of the array.
• getElementCount. This method should accept a two-dimensional array and returns the total number of elements in the array.

Demonstrate each of the methods in this program. Each (except for getElementCount, are called from main.

The main program will request the number of rows and columns as input, creates the two-dimensional array, and first calls fillRandom. A sample output is:

Please enter the number of rows and columns in a two dimensional array: 4 5

78 65 72 30 95

60 71 88 41 73

32 74 47 70 27

59 91 80 81 87

Output:
Processing the int array.

Total : 1321

Average : 66.05

Total of row 0 : 340

Highest in row 0 : 95

Lowest in row 0 : 30

Total of row 1 : 333

Highest in row 1 : 88

Lowest in row 1 : 41

Total of row 2 : 250

Highest in row 2 : 74

Lowest in row 2 : 27

Total of row 3 : 398

Highest in row 3 : 91

Lowest in row 3 : 59

Write a java project that reads a sequence of up to 25 pairs of names and postal (ZIP) codes for individuals (sample input data is attached). Store the data in an object designed to store a first name (string), last name (string), and postal code (integer). Assume each line of input will contain two strings followed by an integer value, each separated by a tab character. Then, after the input has been read in, print the list in an appropriate format to the screen. It should also Support the storing of additional user information: street address (string), city( string), state (string), and 10-digit phone number (long integer, contains area code and does not include special characters such as '(', ')', or '-'. Need to Store the data in an ArrayList object

Write a Scheme function that takes a positive integer n and returns the list of all first n positive integers in decreasing order:

(decreasing-numbers 10) (10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1)

Please explain every step

A local T-shirt company is running a promotion as follows: For customers that buy less than 5 TShirts, there is no disconut. If a customer buys: between 6 and 10 Tshirts they get 10% discount. between 11 and 20 TShirts they get 20% discount. between 21 and 100 TShirts they get 50% discount. Write a C++ program that prompts the user for a number of TShirts. Assuming that a TShirt costs $10, calculate the appropriate discounts and display the number of TShirts bought, total amount, discount amount, and total amount due. For example, if the user bought 11 TShirts, the program should display the following: Number of TShirts bought: 11 Total amount : $ 110 Discount amount : $ 22 Total amount due : $ 88 If the user enters negative values or a 0 for number ofTshirts display an error message and ask them to run the program again.

Find the Asymptotic time complexity for each of the functions in the following:

Please give me an example of this java code.

Vehicle

- number: int

- color: String

- price: double

- horsepower: double

+ Vehicle ( )

+ Vehicle (int number)

+ Vehicle (int number, String color)

+ Vehicle (int number, String color, double price)

+ Vehicle (int number, String color, double price, double horsepower)

+getnumber( ):int

+setnumber(int number):void

+getcolor( ):String

+setcolor(String color):void

+getprice( ):double

+setprice(double price):void

+gethorsePower( ):double

+sethorsePower(double horsePower):void

toString( ):String

public String toString( )

{

return "\n\n number = " + number

+ "\n color = " + color

+ "\n price = " + price

+ "\n horsePower = " + horsePower;

public class VehicleTester

{

public static void main(String[] args)

{

Vehicle nissan1 = new Vehicle( );

nissan1.vehicleInformation( );

System.out.println(nissan1.toString( ));

}

}

Define Health informatics and its concepts?

Develop a Java program for the question below:

A running race among animals:

In a race among animals different types of animals are differenciated wih their running styles. In each iteration of the race, each participating animal makes a move acording to its style of running. Total length of the racecourt is NTotal (store this variable properly in the test class). Determine the winner animal and completion time of the race using polymorphism. Each of these animal classes extends from Animal class having a move method with no arguments. The current position of an animal is an integer atatring value is 0. In addition, each animal has a name attribute as well.

For generating random variables create an object from the Random class and invoke its randomize method with an integer argument (n).which returns an integer random number between 0 and (n-1).

• Animal class: have a move method implemented differently for each animal. It also has other instance variable(s) or method(s) required by the program.
• Rabbit class: Rabbits move as follows: with 0.4 probability a rabit sleaps makede no movment its current position in the race does not change, and with 0.6 probability make a three units move forwards. (its position increases by three units)

Note you can generate 0.4 and 0,6 proababilities with the randomize method. Invoke the method with an argument of 5 if 0 or 1 comes the rabit sleapes at this iteration, if 2,3 or 4 comes, the rabit makes a move.

• Turtle class: turtles always moves only one unit forward. Their positions increased by one unit.
• Test class: Create an array of animals. There can be more than one rabit or turlle in the race. At each iteration of the race (each time), all animals in the array makes a move in the order indicated by the indices in the array. Position of the animal is updated by the move method. Initially all positions are zero. At the end of each iteration or time, check whether one or more animals completed the race. The winner is the animal whose position exceeding the racecourts length, Ifd more than one animals’ position exceeds the racecscourts leength first during an iteration. This is a simple way of determining the winner, not the best way. Print the name, and score (in how many interations it completes the race) of the winner. Do not pay attension to the case of more then one winner (two ro more animals with same score exceeding the racecourt length at the same iteration)