Define, describe and explain the following with graphical representations:

(a) Equilibrium

(b) Phase in a material

(c) Degrees of freedom for a material system

(d) Cooling curves; and

(e) A phase diagram

Liquid methanol is fed to a space heater at a rate of 12.0 L/hr and burned with excess air. The product gas is analyzed and the following dry basis mole percentages are determined: CH₃OH: 0.45%, CO₂=9.03%, CO=1.81% (make sure you think about what else needs to be in the product gas).

a) (1 point) Draw and fully label a PFD

b) (2 points) Calculate the fractional conversion of methanol, the percentage excess air fed, and the mole fraction of water in the product gas.

c) (1 point) Suppose the products are released directly into a room. What potential problems do you see and what remedies do you suggest?

• Specific heat of ice: 2.09 J/(g⋅∘C
• Specific heat of liquid water: 4.18 J/(g⋅∘C)
• Enthalpy of fusion: ΔHfus=334J
• Enthalpy of vaporization: ΔHvap=2250 J/g
• How much heat energy, in kilojoules, is required to convert 47.0 g of ice at −−18.0 ∘C∘C to water at 25.0 ∘C?

9.77

Methane is burned with 25% excess air in a continuous adiabatic reactor. The methane enters the reactor at 25 C and 1.10 atm at a rate of 550 L/s, and the entering air is at 150 C and 1.1 atm. Combustion in the reactor is complete, and the reactor effluent gas emerges at 1.05 atm.

a) Calculate the temperature and the degrees of superheat of the reactor effluent. (Consider water to be the only condensable species in the effluent).

b) Suppose only 15% excess air is supplied. Without doing any additional calculations, state how the temperature and degrees of superheat of the reactor effluent would be affected [increase, decrease, remain the same, cannot tell without more information] and explain your reasoning. What risk is involved in lowering the percent excess air?

benzene has commonly been used as an industrial intermediate, but its use has a declined in recent years. Why? What is primarily used for? What has it been replaced by in many synthesis reactions?

77. Calculate Q for a stream with weeds in the channel (n = 0.035). It has an average width of 4.5 feet at gaging station A. Its average depth at the gaging station is 1.5 feet. The gradient of the water surface is 1.7 ft in the vertical over a distance of 1000 ft in the horizontal. Calculate V and then Q.

78. Why is it important to measure soil moisture? Go into the direct and indirect ways soil moisture is critical for human activities, the economy, forecasting applications etc

What role does nucleation and kinetics in general have for making a single crystal silicon wafer? Describe the process to make this, highlighting the steps where kinetics have a strong role.

Consider a gaseous feed, CA0=100, CB0=200, enters a flow reactor at T0=1000 K and ?0= 5 atm. The reaction, ? + ? → 5?, occurs in the reactor. Calculate the XA, XB and CB if the exit
stream leaves at T=400 K and ? = 4 atm. (Assume ideal gas behavior).

Conduct research to find other examples where the exclusion of a species led to dramatic changes in the ecosystem. Explain why this is the case

It is January, and you take off from New York City for a well deserved vacation in the Caribbean. After YOU REACH A CONSTANT CRUISING ALTITUDE of 30,000 ft, would you expect the pressure outside of the plane to...

Methanol is synthesized by the gas phase reaction: Stoichiometric amounts of CO and H2 are mixed in an evacuated vessel (i.e. no methanol is present initially), and the reaction is allowed to come to equilibrium. Calculate the equilibrium mole fraction of methanol under the following conditions. The equilibrium temperature and pressure are 365 K and 1 atm, the mixture behaves as an ideal gas and a more accurate description of the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant is available where T is in K.

ln K = 21.8158+9,052/(T)-7.663ln(T)+5.4075x10-3 (T)-5.75x10-7 (T2 )-6.75x103 /(T2 )

1)What are constellations, how many are there? 2) What and where is the zodiac? 2)Describe latitude, longitude, prime meridian, RA, Dec, Celestial Equator, and NCP? 3) What is meant by zenith? Altitude, meridian? 4)How do we name the stars? 5)Why is Polaris important? Name *3* things that Polaris can tell us if we find it in the sky! 6)What is the altitude of Polaris in San Mateo? 7)What is meant by circumpolar? 8)How many degrees does your fist span APPROXIMATELY? 9) Describe the Ecliptic, What objects would we find there? 11) Describe the daily(24 hrs), (yearly)and long term(26,000 yrs) motions of the stars 12) What causes the Seasons? Why doesn’t distance from the Sun cause seasons? Describe some evidence that distance doesnt! I put a SEASONS worksheet on Canvas to help you out. You do not need to turn this in! Please contact me for solutions if you have trouble with the questions! 13)What are the solstice, equinox? When do they occur? What special things happen on those dates? 14)How does the Sun move in the sky, where does it rise/set various times of year? 15) Describe precession and its cause 16) Which direction do planets Normally move with respect to the stars? 17) What does the word planet mean in ancient Greek? 18)What is the cause of retrograde motion? 19)Be able to draw and determine Moon phases Be able to determine the rise, transit, and set times for each phase. 20)How long does it take the Moon to go through a complete cycle of phases? 21) How long does it take the Moon to orbit the Earth? 22) Which direction do the planets move around the Sun? (CW or CCW?) 23) What is meant by synchronous rotation? 24) Which direction does the Earth rotate? 25) Why are Uranus’s Seasons so extreme? 26) Be able to identify each phase of the Moon and DRAW the orientation of the Earth Sun and Moon for each phase

5. Anyone who has ever owned a car will recognize the following situations. Suggest what might be occurring in the structure of the material in each case. a. The insides of the windows develop a haze that resembles smoke, but it is not smoke. b. Vinyl seats crack after a period of time. Those areas exposed to sunlight are especially susceptible.

7 Draw a log modulus-temperature plot for a typical amorphous polymer. Indicate the
regions exhibited by the polymer (eg., glass, rubbery, viscous, leathery)?
a. To which regions do the following polymers belong at room temperature: chewing
gum, a hydrogel used as a styling gel; PVC notebook covers; rubber bands,
PlexiglassTM ?
b. Draw another similar graph and sketch comparative curves for the following
polymers: i. Amorphous ii. Crystalline iii. Crosslinked iv. High molecular weight
v. Low molecular weight

Through a double tube exchanger hot water circulates through the inner tube and water
fry through the outer tube. For countercurrent arrangement the following data is displayed:
Cold water inlet temperature Tca 24.5 ° C
Cold water outlet temperature Tcb 48.0 ° C
Hot water inlet temperature Tha 86 ° C
Hot water outlet temperature Thb 55 ° C
Cold water flow 2.00 gal / min
Calliente water flow 2.00 gal / min
Transfer area 0.65 m2 Length of the two pipes is the same 186 cm
to. Build the temperature vs. length diagram
b. Calculate the ΔT1 and ΔT2 approaches c. The temperature ranges ΔTc and ΔTh
d. The average log temperature
and. The global coefficient of heat transfer