In the design of large scale nitric acid project , explain in your own words

1. any consideration regarding heat recovery and,

2. the rationale for any decisions made on this aspect.

kindly explain in detail Thanks

A spherical stainless steel (? = 7,800 kgm-3; c = 460 Jkg-1K-1; k = 17 Wm-1K-1; ? = 0.9) reactor of 1.0-m inner diameter and 1.0-cm wall thickness is filled with reactants (? = 1,100 kgm-3; c = 4,200 Jkg-1K-1) that are initially at 25 ?C. An exothermic reaction within the reactor generates heat uniformly at a temperature-dependent volumetric rate of Qoexp(-A/T), where Qo = 6 kWm-3, A = 85 K and T is the reactive mixture temperature in K. The exterior surface of the reactor is exposed to 25 ?C ambient air with a convective heat transfer coefficient of 20 Wm-2K-1, and also exchanges radiation with surrounding surfaces that are at 35 ?C. The reactant mixture is well stirred with a convective heat transfer coefficient of 250 Wm-2K-1 so that the temperature within the reactor is nearly uniform. You may neglect the thermal capacitance of the reactor wall and consider the instantaneous heat transfer rate through the reactor wall to be equal to the instantaneous rate of heat loss to the air and surroundings.

a) What is the temperature of the reactant mixture after 5 hours of process time?

b) What is the temperature at the outer surface of the reactor at that time?

c) What is the steady-state temperature of the outer surface of the reactor?

1. The adsorbed ions comprising the Stern layer around a charged particle have the same charge (positive or negative) as the particle itself.

2. Both ionic and nonionic surfactants can stabilize colloidal dispersions by adsorbing onto particle surfaces.

what is the most important information about scurbber (with out reaction) type packed pad . in point

You are Plant Manager at the Hokomokee Nuclear Power Station in Moustafa County, which has two 1000 MWe PWRs and are planning the fuel cycle for the next ten years. You are beginning negotiations with your fuel supplier, Verma Fuels, and must choose between the 3.3% enrichment fuel you have been using and a new 5% enrichment fuel.  

-Compare the environmental consequences of use of the two different fuels – i.e., consider which might generate more or less waste.

URGENT

In each of the following configurations, identify the anode and rank in terms of approximate corrosion rates of the anode (fast to slow). All are 50 mm thick in seawater:

1 meter square titanium plate with a single 50 mm aluminum bolt in the center

1 meter square Brass plate with a single 50 mm silver plated bolt in the center

1 meter square aluminum plate with a 70 x 70 cm square titanium hatch bolted to it with titanium bolts.

In 2017, it was discovered that naked mole rats (Heterocephalus glaber) could survive up to 18 minutes in an anoxic (0% oxygen) environment without any permanent damage to the organism. The normal body temperature of naked mole rats is 30°C, making them poikilothermic animals that are able to operate at a range of body temperatures and to alter its body temperature based upon the environment. Even if the animals are warmed to 37°C, they still survive 6 minutes in an anoxic environment, which is still more than 5 minutes longer than the survival of other rodents like mice. You are already familiar with the H. glaber hemoglobin, but as usual, this does not fully explain the naked mole rat ability to survive anoxia.

Blood glucose concentrations during anoxia were found to be similar in mice and mole rats, but during normoxic (normal oxygen levels) conditions, naked mole rate had a blood glucose concentration of 3.49mM while mice had 6.66mM, making them appear hypoglycemic compared to other rodents and mammals.

Explain why elevated citrate levels are surprising, why lactate elevation is not, and why these elevated levels of citrate do not inhibit lactate production in the naked mole rat during anoxia.

Ethane (C2H6) is combusted in 18.1% excess oxygen (O2) in an adiabatic reactor. The feed of ethane enters the reactor at 25.8 mol/hr and 93.7°C. The stream exiting the reactor contains ethane, oxygen, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and water (H2O), so ethane reacts by both complete and partial combustion reactions. The conversion of ethane is 15.8% and the conversion of oxygen is 12.3%. Assume that pressure effects are negligible. (a) Draw and label a process flow diagram. Number each stream and label the components (E=ethane; O2=oxygen; CO2=carbon dioxide, CO=carbon monoxide; W=water). (b) Calculate the component molar flow rates (mol/hr) for all of the exiting components. (c) Calculate the adiabatic flame temperature (°C) for the reactor. (d) If the reactor's insulation is damaged and the reactor could lose heat to the surroundings, would the exit temperature increase, decrease, or stay the same?

The importance of numerical method and method of separation of variable in heat transfer

Use the maxwell relations and the euler chain rule to express the derivative (ds/dv)T in terms of the expresion coefficient alpha, and the isothermal compressibility Kt.

You are Plant Manager at the Hokomokee Nuclear Power Station in Moustafa County, which has two 1000 MWe PWRs and are planning the fuel cycle for the next ten years. You are beginning negotiations with your fuel supplier, Verma Fuels, and must choose between the 3.3% enrichment fuel you have been using and a new 5% enrichment fuel.  

Briefly discuss two financial considerations in making this decision.

How will stirring and raising the temperature affect the rate of sugar dissolution in water? Will either approach increase the total amount of sugar that can dissolve in a given amount of water? Explain other factors that could influence the rate of dissolution of sugar in water. Describe your answers in terms of mass transfer concepts.