Question

Question 1

Methods for transmission of zoonotic pathogens include:

	A.	Contact with the skin
	B.	Bite or scratch of an animal
	C.	Direct inhalation
	D.	Ingestion of contaminated foods
	E.	All of the above

Question 2

In the 20th century, decades of progress in reducing mortality due to acute infectious diseases was reversed due to

	A.	Decreased public health funding
	B.	HIV/AIDS pandemic
	C.	Increased focus on chronic diseases
	D.	None of the above

Question 3

Pregnant women and ___________experience the highest rates of malaria morbidity and mortality.

	A.	the elderly
	B.	adolescents
	C.	young children
	D.	none of the above

Question 4

The principle modes of transmission of hepatitis C (HCV) in low and middle income countries are believed to be:

	A.	Sexual intercourse and skin-piercing
	B.	Needle sharing among injection drug users and perinatal transmission
	C.	Reuse of needles for medical injections and the transfusion of unscreened blood
	D.	None of the above

Question 5

The causative agent for dengue fever is a:

	A.	Bacterium
	B.	Virus
	C.	Rickettsial agent
	D.	Parasite
	E.	Prion

Question 6

Both self-limited and persistent diarrhea can have a substantial and negative impact on child growth through which of the following mechanisms

	A.	Malabsorption of nutrients and reduced intake due to vomiting
	B.	Loss of appetite
	C.	Undesirable changes in feeding practices
	D.	All of the above

Question 7

Underlying virtually every infectious disease of public health importance in low- and middle-income countries is the significant role played by poverty and its associated problems including

	A.	Malnutrition
	B.	Poor access to clean water
	C.	Improper sanitation
	D.	All of the above

Question 8

It has been estimated that approximately_____of the world’s population is infected with M. tuberculosis.

	A.	60%
	B.	50%
	C.	33%
	D.	25%
	E.	None of the above

Question 9

The definition of emerging zoonoses covers:

	A.	Only new and unknown agents
	B.	Both new and previously known agents
	C.	Appearance of agents in regions not usually affected
	D.	B and C
	E.	None of the above

Question 10

True or false? Malaria is a disease caused by the parasitic Plasmodium protozoa.

True

False

Question 11

In what sense is influenza a zoonotic disease?

	A.	It has animal reservoirs, especially birds and swine.
	B.	It is transmitted by “stealth” arthropods.
	C.	It is transmitted frequently by contact with wool.
	D.	The main reservoir is wild carnivores.
	E.	None of the above

Question 12

Methods for the control of malaria include:

	A.	Insecticidal nets
	B.	Intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy
	C.	Diagnosis which is prompt
	D.	Other vector controls, such as larvaciding and environmental management
	E.	All of the above

Question 13

Although malaria is found in 109 countries around the world, more than 80% of cases occur in:

	A.	South Asia.
	B.	Latin America.
	C.	Tropical Africa.
	D.	India.
	E.	None of the above

Question 14

Identify the correct fact about rabies:

	A.	Human cases of rabies occur frequently in the United States.
	B.	Post-exposure prophylaxis has prevented human rabies successfully.
	C.	Outside the United States, the most common vector is Gambian rats.
	D.	The disease has a low to medium fatality rate.
	E.	All of the above.

Question 15

_____________produces the most dramatic fluid losses of any enteric infection and causes death within 24-48 hours.

	A.	dysentery
	B.	typhoid
	C.	cholera
	D.	measles
	E.	none of the above

Question 16

True or false? Chronic infection contributes to the pathogenesis of a number of chronic diseases, such as certain cancers.

True

False

Question 17

________is the single most important predictor of developing pneumonia or lower respiratory tract infections.

	A.	low birth weight
	B.	malnutrition
	C.	indoor air pollution
	D.	age

Question 18

Children experience the highest risk of developing enteric infections between__________and then the risk declines steadily thereafter.

	A.	one and four months
	B.	three and six months
	C.	six and eleven months
	D.	one to two years

Question 19

The major known risk factors for morbidity and mortality from lower respiratory tract infections include low birth weight, age, malnutrition, not breastfeeding and________.

	A.	measles
	B.	high blood pressure
	C.	exposure to indoor air pollution
	D.	obesity
	E.	none of the above

Question 20

The 1970’s saw the successful eradication of ___________ using a combination of enhanced case finding, containment and vaccination.

	A.	polio
	B.	leprosy
	C.	rabies
	D.	trachoma
	E.	smallpox

Question 21

Many international health professionals consider the most important contribution of public health in the 20th century and possibly in all of recorded history to be:

	A.	the improvements in sanitation and access to clean water
	B.	the reduction in smoking
	C.	the development of antibiotics
	D.	the eradication of smallpox

Question 22

The reduction of disease incidence, prevalence, morbidity or mortality to a locally acceptable level as a result of deliberate efforts is called:

	A.	control
	B.	elimination
	C.	eradication
	D.	extinction
	E.	none of the above

Question 23

The most daunting challenges confronting the treatment and control of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in low- and middle-income countries, beyond changing human behavior, include

	A.	Lack of simple, inexpensive diagnostic tests
	B.	Lack of readily accessible, inexpensive, easy-to-administer single-dose treatments
	C.	Frequency with which STIs are asymptomatic
	D.	All of the above

Answer 1

Question 1

Zoonotic pathogens are the pathogens that can be transmitted from animals and can invade in human beings.It can be transmitted from animals to human beings by close contact with the skin(damaged skin),bite or scratch of an infected animal,direct inhalation by breathing air,and ingestion of contaminated foods by the bacteria.Thus here the correct answer is option "D" All of the above

Question 2

During the 20th century actually there is reduction in the mortality rate due to acute infectious disease was reversed due to HIV/ADS pandemic.Over 90% of people infected with the HIV,live in the developing world due to poverty,poor health systems,and limited resources for the prevention of virus spread and delay in the proper management.So here the answer is option "B" HIV/AIDS pandemic

Question 3

The pregnant women and the young children are the most vulnerable groups to get malaria and there is a increase incidence rate of morbidityand mortality due to malaria because these two groups are having decreased immunity.So here the answer is option "C" young children

Question 4

The principle modes of transmission of Hepatitis C (HCV) is thought to be "sexual intercourse and skin piercing" in low and middle income countries because they are not aware of this disease affects their future life,not aware of the transmission,screening,and timely management to avoid possible cosequences of this disease.So here the answer is option "A"

Question 5

The causative agent for the the dengue fever is dengue virus.So here the answer is option "B" virus

Question 6

The substantial andnegative impact on child growth in self limited and persistent diarrhoea is due to "Malabsorption of nutrients and reduced intake due to vomitting".So here the answer is option "A"

Question 7

The associated problems of every infectious disease of public health importance in low and middle income countries are mainly due to poverty and malnutrition because the defence mechanisms against infectious disease are low.So here the answer is option "A"

Question 8

it has estimated that 20-43% of population is infected with M tuberculosis globally.So here the answer is option "D" None of the above

Question 9

Option "B" Both new and previously known agents

Question 10

False

Question 11

It has animal reservoirs such asespecially birds and swine

Question 12

Option A,Insecticidal nets

Question 13

Option "D" India

Question 14

Option B

Question 15

Option D,none of the above is due to diarrhoea

Question 16

False

Question 17

Option "C" indoor air pollution

Question 18

Option "D",1-2 years

Question 19

Option C,exposure to indoor air pollution

Question 20

Option "E",small pox

Question 21

Option A,improvement in sanitation and access to clean water

Question 22

Option A,control

Question 23

Option D,all of the above