Thermodynamics Concepts a. What physical or chemical requirements must be met to satisfy the conditions for...

Thermodynamics Concepts

a. What physical or chemical requirements must be met to satisfy the conditions for understanding standard free energy of formation?

b. How does the free energy of reaction differ from the standard free energy of reaction?

c. What is the purpose of deriving the standard free energy of formation, standard free energy of reaction, and free energy of reaction?

Solutions

Expert Solution

a. 1. Product should be in its standard state (means the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 °C).

2. Reactants should be in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 °C).

b. Standard free energy of reaction describes the maximum work possible to derive from the reaction starting with all reactants and products in their standard states while free energy of reaction takes into account the real state and conditions of the reactants and products in the form of logarithm of activities of the elements in the solution.

A + B <---> C + D

dG = dG⁰ + log a_C. a_D_/ a_A. a_B ; a = activity

c. To calculate the free energy of a reaction one needs to get the value of the standard free energy of the reaction first. To calculate standard free energy of the reaction we need standard free energy of formation of the products and reactants.

Standard free energy of a reaction, dG⁰ = ∑ free energy of formation of the products - ∑ free energy of formation of the reactants

Free energy of a reaction, dG = dG⁰ + log a_C. a_D_/ a_A. a_B

queen_honey_blossom answered 1 year ago

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