Please read the question carefully and relate the situation to the type of antagonist with reasoning...

Please read the question carefully and relate the situation to the type of antagonist with reasoning

During anaphylaxis, massive quantities of histamine are released, causing vasodilation that leads to bronchoconstriction.

The emergency treatment for anaphylaxis is adrenaline, which causes vasoconstriction that leads to bronchodilation.

What type of antagonist/antagonism does this represent? (Physiological, pharmacokinetic, chemical, irreversible, competitive).

The thing that confuses me is how to come to the conclusion of what the drug is doing? I'm wondering does adrenaline react with the histamine by chemically binding to it (chemical antagonism), does adrenaline work by eliminating the substance through metabolic means (pharmacokinetic), is it physiological antagonism because two systems are working to oppose eachother? Or does adrenaline work as an antagonist on the cell to block action of histamine that is already bound to the cell?

And how do we come to that conclusion?

Expert Solution

There are several types of antagonism

1. Physical antagonism: its based on physical properties of the drug such as charcoal adsorbing alkaloids.

2. Chemical antagonism: Where the nullification of the effect of one drug on administration is achieved by a chemical reaction such as neutralization so an inactive product is formed.

3. Pharmakokinetic antagonism: this type involves binding of the drug to a receptor in either a competitive, non competitive or irreversible way. Depending on the subtype, the receptor of the two drugs can be the same or different.

4. Physiological antagonism: The two drugs act on different receptors or by different mechanisms, but have opposite effects on the same physiological function

Histamine and adrenaline are physiological antagonists. They act on different receptors. H1 receptor in case of histamine and adrenergic receptor in case of adrenaline and they affect the same physiological function in the opposite direction. histamine has several effects on physiology. In the lungs however it causes bronchoconstriction. adrenaline too similarly has several effects on many organ systems, but in lungs it causes vasodilatation, opposing the effect of histamine.

Moreover histamine causes blood vessels to dilate causing a rapid fall in blood pressure. adrenaline also increases heart contractility and vasoconstriction which aids in normalizing BP

gladiator answered 2 years ago

Please Read Carefully Before start answering this question. Please follow the instructions. This Question is from...

Please Read Carefully Before start answering this question. Please follow the instructions. This Question is from 'BSBFIM501 Manage budgets and financial plans' course. There are no parts missing for this Question; guaranteed!. This is the original Screenshot direct from the question. Therefore, there are nothing any further information can be provided. Thanks for your understanding and Cooperation. Please answer the following questions from the topics discussed for Prepare, implement, monitor and modify contingency plans: 1.a. Explain the process of preparing...

Instructions: Carefully read the hypothetical situation, then choose the theory that best applies to the situation...

Instructions: Carefully read the hypothetical situation, then choose the theory that best applies to the situation and complete the premises of the application of theory to the situation. I. Hypothetical situation In room 280 A, there is Mrs. Juana García, 50 years old. According to her record, the. patient weighs 206 pounds, height 5’2 ”. She does not have any type of diet, she loves to eat greaves,. three times a week fried chicken eats food from fast food restaurants....

C++ Please read the question carefully and match the output example given at the end! Question...

C++ Please read the question carefully and match the output example given at the end! Question In this project you will implement operator overloading for a two dimensional Vector class. Begin with the declaration of the Vector class on the final page. There are three operators that must be overloaded insertion (<<), addition (+), and subtraction (-). insertion (<<): The insertion operator is used to send the values of a vector to an ostream object, if a vector has two...

In python! please be thorough and read question carefully :) if possible, give explanation for code...

In python! please be thorough and read question carefully :) if possible, give explanation for code We’re going to create a class which stores information about product ratings on a website such as Amazon. The ratings are all numbers between 1 and 5 and represent a number of “stars” that the customer gives to the product. We will store this information as a list of integers which is maintained inside the class StarRatings. You will be asked to write the...

Choose one situation from the following given below. Read carefully and analyze the situation based on...

Choose one situation from the following given below. Read carefully and analyze the situation based on what you have learned from the previous readings that we tackled in class. Write a proposal addressing the concern in the given situation. Do note that you are already in the situation. You are not allowed to take precautionary measures before the situation happens. Explain as to why you come up with your answers. It is best that you provide basis as your support....

C++ Please read the question carefully and make sure that the function prototypes given are used...

C++ Please read the question carefully and make sure that the function prototypes given are used correctly for both parts. This is one whole programming assignment so please make sure that it;s answered entirely not just one part. The output example is provided at the end of the question. First , write a program to create an array and fill it up with 20 randomly generated integers between 0 to 10 and output the array. Part 1: Write a function...

I paid to be able to post question here. Please read carefully and give quality answer....

I paid to be able to post question here. Please read carefully and give quality answer. there is nothing to clarify. just do what is required. Do not mess up my question as there are limited. Thanks. Choose at least two concepts from the following: equity method, fair value method, partnership, corporation, bankruptcy chapter 7, bankruptcy chapter 11, subsidiary, parent company, consolidation of financial statements, trust, estates, liquidation, partnerships termination, estates tax, acquisition, variable interest entity, EPS, income tax, reorganization....

Please read the question carefully and then provide the answer thanks. Discussion Topic Choose a TCP/IP...

Please read the question carefully and then provide the answer thanks. Discussion Topic Choose a TCP/IP service, such as a web browser, email, file transfer, remote shell, DHCP, DNS, network time protocol, network address translation, etc. Important! Everyone should pick a different service, if possible, to keep the discussion fresh. In your original post, answer the following about the service you have chosen: How would you determine the IP addresses of your devices on your network? Success Hints You can...

Please, read the question carefully. I need correct answers and clear explanation. Thank you! On Sept...

Please, read the question carefully. I need correct answers and clear explanation. Thank you! On Sept 15, 2017, Julia Inc entered into a contract to provide 12 new deep fryers to a Montreal Poutinerie. Julia normally charges $1,500 for each deep fryer. As part of the agreement, Julia will provide on-site training at the Poutinerie’s 3 locations. Julia will host 3 separate training sessions at each location. For this training, Julia normally charges $700 / day. The Poutinerie needed Julia’s...

Please read the following short case carefully and provide your answer after analyzing question based on...

Please read the following short case carefully and provide your answer after analyzing question based on the appropriate open market models/diagrams. Case: Offshore Outsourcing and Imports Imagine that you are an economist working for the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). You receive a letter from the chair of the Senate Budget Committee: Dear CBO economist, Congress is about to consider the president’s request to cut our country’s offshore outsourcing by 50 percent and imports of durable goods by 40 percent. Before...

Question