Question

Modifiable vs. Unmodifiable Risk Factors

1. Find a scholarly journal article relating to Modifiable vs. Unmodifiable Risk Factors . Post a 4-5 sentence summary of your article in your own words. Please include a reference as to where you find your information in APA reference

2. Choose a subject (it can be a former patient, a family member, or yourself) and identify modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Identify methods to prevent Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in the subject. What can you recommend to your classmates subjects?

Answer 1

• Risk factors are conditions that increases your risk of developing a disease.
• These can be either modifiable and non modifiable risk factors
• Modifiable risk factors are those which means you can take measures to change them.
• Non modifiable risk factors are those means which cannot be changed.

Ans1. A study was conducted by Huma S et.al in 2012 in which various risk factors and prevention which are responsible for myocardial infarction. It is a disease with serious result in mortality, morbidity and cost to society. It is characterized by chest pain, sweating, discomfort and anxiety. Symptoms are effected by modifiable and non modifiable risk factors. In this review article predisposing factors are considered as smoking followed by hypertension, abdominal obesity and diabetes. A healthy life style and proper physical activity can reduce myocardial infarction occurrence.

( Huma S et.al.2012.Modifiable and non modifiable predisposing risk factors of Myocardial infarction: A review. J Pharm Sci& Res.1649-1653)

Ans 2. A 42 year old patient reported to the department with a chief complain of heavyness near the chest area since 1 month.

History should be asked according to modifiable and non modifiable risk factors which can be as follows:

• Modifiable risk factors:

1. High blood pressure
2. Smoking habits
3. Cholesterol level
4. Diabetes
5. Pre diabetes

• Non modifiable risk factors:

1. Age
2. Gender
3. Family history
4. Race

Following are the methods to prevent Coronary artery disease in the subject:

• To prevent Coronary artery disease depends on controlling risk factors.
• Ideally prevention habits start early
• Following are the steps:

1. Quit smoking - it the key risk factor for heart attack.
2. Eat less of the food that add heart problems and more food that protects the heart - Food low in saturated fat and trans fat , higher in monounsaturated fat like olive oil, fish, high fibre shall be taken.
3. Become more active and stay active allnthrough life - a good goal is at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week.
4. Keep your weight within normal range on Body mass index.
5. Find healthy outlet for stress.

• For the classmates:

Ideally prevention habits starts early but they remain important throughout life.

Its never too late to effect change. So better adapt a healthy lifestyle rather than a treatment.