Question

A patient takes insulin twice a day. The patient reports dizziness and nausea. Which action should a nurse take first?

Answer 1

Hypoglycemia or low glucose (hypo=low +glyc=sugar =emia=blood) portrays an insufficient measure of glucose fixation in the blood. A man with diabetes can create hypoglycemia from an abatement of sustenance consumption, or from taking excessively medicine (insulin or oral tablets), which brings about low glucose levels. In this circumstance the individual encounters wooziness or discombobulation on the grounds that the mind needs glucose to work appropriately. People with diabetes and their families need to perceive the side effects of hypoglycemia, including wooziness, sweating, perplexity, and possibly, trance state. Prompt treatment is vital. Sugar-containing sustenances given by mouth if the individual is conscious, or a glucagon infusion might be life-putting something aside for the patient.

Nursing interventions

         Ensure a patent aviation route.

         Administer fluids that contain glucose.

         If the patient is caution, give him juice with sugar included, trailed by protein and complex starches to keep hypoglycemia from repeating the following hour.

         If the patient has a diminished level of awareness, set up an expansive bore I.V.line and manage 50 ml of half dextrose as a bolus. In the event that he doesn't recover awareness in 15 minutes, rehash the bolus of dextrose.

         If I.V. get to can't be built up, regulate glucose gel under the patient's tongue or give glucose-rich fluids by nasogastric tube as opposed to giving the IM dextrose arrangement.

         If nothing from what was just mentioned intercessions is conceivable, oversee glucagon or epinephrine I.M.

         Repeat the estimation of the blood glucose level in 60 minutes.

         Monitor the patient's heart rate, cardiovascular musicality and circulatory strain.

         Administer a typical saline bolus if hypotension happens.

         Replace electrolytes in light of research facility test comes about.

         Help decide the reason for hypoglycemia by meeting the patient and assessing his history. Make sure to ask about such regular causes as poor nourishment admission, medicine changes, liquor or other recreational medication utilize, hepatic or renal disability that averts gluconeogenesis, pancreatic tumor or an endocrine issue, including disabled pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, or adrenal organs.

         Be mindful that postprandial hypoglycemia may happen with numerous conditions, particularly after gastric by pass surgery.

Patient teaching:

         After figuring out which factors added to this episode of hypoglycemia enable the patient to see how to keep its repeat.

         Teach the patient to perceive early signs and side effects of hypoglycemia.

         Teach the patient how to utilize a glucometer at home if a perpetual condition may make hypoglycemia repeat.

         Emphasize the significance of having glucose tablets,hard sweet, or other sustenance containing straightforward sugars promptly accessible.