Question

6) True or False: Seroprevalence with detectable antibodies is a positive indicator of active infection.

7) There are 8 species of this virus type currently known to be endemic to humans. Name the virus type a) Herpesviruses b) Paramyxoviruses c) Gammaherpesviruses d) Papillomviruses e) Morbiliviruses

8) What percent of human pathogens are zoonotic? a) 48% b) 36% c) 66% d) 58% e) 24%

9) Which of the following is likely NOT a factor explaining why a manatee may get hit by boats on multiple occasions? a) Inability to hear the boats. b) High density of boats. c) They are in a shallow water environment much of the time, cannot dive deeper. d) Cannot respond to every sound stimulus in the environment. e) Low frequency sounds are attenuated in shallow water.

10) What does the dip in the audiogram curve signify? a) Range of worst sensitivity b) Background noise level c) Range of loudest sounds d) Range of best sensitivity e) Ultrasound

Answer 1

6) True or false: Answer is FALSE
Seroprevalence is carried out to measure the exposure of the population to the pathogen. In seroprevalence study, antibody against the pathogen is measured. Now this antibody response may be in form of active infection where an individual has recently acquired the infection (IgM antibody) or it may be part of the latent infection where the infection has subsided but the body stores antibody against that particular pathogen (IgG antibody). While carrying out the seroprevalence study when the patient's serum is tested for the presence of antibodies, those antibodies can be from an active or latent infection. Hence it is FALSE that seroprevalence with detectable antibodies is a positive indicator of active infection. Those detectable antibodies can be part of latent infection as well. Nowadays many diagnostic kits are being designed based on the antigen-antibody avidity in order to differentiate the active and latent infection in order to give a clear picture of what stage of infection is present in the test samples.