Question

Identify the nutrition needs and nutritional concerns of a toddler

Discusses common nutrition problems that may occur in age group. Include interventions/concerns for family.

Answer 1

Nutritional Needs and Concerns of Toddler

In toddler period (1 - 3 yrs) childrens are more active as they already learned to walk without any help, but ironically their caloric need is low and that doesn't diminish the importance of good nutrition.

toddler needs 1000-1400 calories of energy a day , and daily recommended allowance of other nutrients are

protein ; 16.7 gm , fat ; 27gm , calcium ; 600mg , iron ; 9 mg , vitamin D ; 400 IU.

toddlers starts to learn self feeding in this age. it is a development skill that parents needs to nurture , but self feeding brings concerns also.There is always chance for eating less amount when eating self so parents have to ensure that child is eating the required amount of food.

increase in the activity level is another concern as child will be more interested in play.so its important to ensure proper nutrition by promoting finger foods and following child preferences.

food refusal by child is another concern.This age group childrens become picky and refuse to eat a veriety of foods and stick to one or two favorite.tackling this problem is a major concern.

allergies and intolerance are another concern as we are introducing new foods for the child everyday.always ensure that the risk of allergy is there and steps should be taken to tackle it.

failure to thrive is a term where childs weight gain does not match in line with children of the same age.if it is not due to insufficient nutrition any underlying condition should be doubted.

Common Nutritional Problems of Toddler

growth faltering ; poor growth and weight faltering is relatively common in the US and may affect up to 5% of all children and 10% from families with medical or socio economic problems.

iron deficiency ; it is the most common nutrient deficiency in toddler mainly due to insufficient intake through diet.it may be due to low intake of total iron, a low intake of bioavailable haeme iron (in meat), failure to eat food rich in vitamin c (needs for iron absorption)or eatindg substances interfere with iron absorption(bran or tea).

dental problems ; tooth decay in toddler is common , major reason being consumption of food containing simple sugar and sticky foods that leave a residue in the mouth. Prolonged bottle feed is also a reason for tooth decay.

food allergies ; most common in early toddler days.Eggs,cows milk, wheat,peanuts,soya are common food items results in allergies.Food allergies usually manifested as skin reactions , vomiting, diarrhoea,respiratory symptoms and rarely hyper activity.

chocking ; there is always risk because of starting of self eating,so keep an eye on child always.

constipation ; less intake of fluid and dietary fibers are major reasons for constipation .medical conditions like intestinal obstruction must be considered otherwise.

interventions

• avoid battles over food and meals.
• be flexible with food acceptance as toddlers are reluctant to try new things.
• limit juices and promote full fruits.
• be realistic about food amount.do not over feed.
• promote finger foods.
• introduce new foods every week and watch for any allergies.
• use child size utencils and promote self feeding.
• cut the foods into bite size pieces.
• always supervise child while they eat.
• keep a regular daily meal time.
• provide social interaction and model healthy eating behaviour.
• ensure enough hydration.
• restrict simple sugar and encourage proper oral hygeine.