Question

What are 2 Upper Extremity Muscles that need to be short/tight/strong?

What are 2 Upper Extremity Muscles that need to be long/loose/weak?

What are 2 Lower Extremity Muscles that need to be short/tight/strong?

What are 2 Lower Extremity Muscles that need to be long/loose/weak?

Name the consequences that could occur if these upper and lower extremity muscles were not short/tight/strong and long/loose/weak.

Answer 1

ANSWERS

1. What are 2 Upper Extremity Muscles that need to be short/tight/strong?

Biceps Brachii: The biceps brachii is a two-headed muscle. Although the majority of the muscle mass is located anteriorly to the humerus, it has no attachment to the bone itself.

· Attachments: Both heads originate from the scapula and attach via the bicipital aponeurosis to the fascia of the forearm.

· Action: Supination of the forearm. It also flexes the arm at the elbow and at the shoulder.

Triceps Brachii: The triceps brachii is a three-headed muscle.

· Attachments: The long head originates from the scapula, the lateral head from the proximal region of the humerus, and the medial head from the distal region of the humerus. All three converge into one tendon which attaches to the ulna.

· Action: Extension of the arm at the elbow.

2. What are 2 Upper Extremity Muscles that need to be long/loose/weak?

· Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: A long muscle originating near the elbow and passing through into the wrist, attaching to one of the carpal bones in the wrist.

· Flexor Carpi Radialis: A long muscle originating near the elbow and passing through into the wrist, attaching to the base of the digits (fingers).

3. What are 2 Lower Extremity Muscles that need to be short/tight/strong?

The hamstrings are a group of muscles and their tendons at the rear of the upper leg. They include the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus. The hamstrings flex the knee joint and extend the thigh to the backside of the body. They are used in walking, running, and many other physical activities.

The hamstrings are a group of four muscles: long head of the biceps femoris, short head of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus. Each hamstring crosses two joints—the hip and the knee.

The quadriceps femoris is a group of muscles located in the front of the thigh. The Latin translation of 'quadriceps' is 'four headed,' as the group contains four separate muscles: the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and the rectus femoris.

All four quadriceps are powerful extensors of the knee joint. They are crucial in walking, running, jumping and squatting. Because the rectus femoris attaches to the ilium, it is also a flexor of the hip. This action is also crucial to walking or running as it swings the leg forward into the ensuing step.

4. What are 2 Lower Extremity Muscles that need to be long/loose/weak?

Biceps femoris: This long muscle flexes the knee. It begins in the thigh area and extends to the head of the fibula near the knee. Semimembranosus: This long muscle extends from the pelvis to the tibia. It extends the thigh, flexes the knee, and helps rotate the tibia.

The sartorius, a thin muscle in the thigh, is the body's longest muscle.

Attachments: Originates from the pelvis and attaches to the tibia. Actions: Flexing of the lower leg at the knee joint.

5. Name the consequences that could occur if these upper and lower extremity muscles were not short/tight/strong and long/loose/weak.

If the muscles of upper and lower extremity do not vary in length, strength and power that can result in Muscle weakness, muscle fatigue, muscle tiredness and atonicity of muscles.

Complete lack of muscle use can result in wasting of muscles seen in disuse syndrome.

Muscle weakness is an inability to perform what to do with a muscle, even the first time when we try. There is a reduction in the force which the muscle can exert, however hard one try. When this kind of weakness occurs the muscles are often floppier than usual and reduced in bulkiness. This result in weakened muscles which cannot move the usual load. It's a real change in muscle power.

Muscle tiredness

This is sometimes called asthenia. It is a sense of weariness or exhaustion that you feel when using the muscle. The muscle isn't genuinely weaker, it can still do its job but it takes you more effort to manage it. This type of weakness is often seen in people who have chronic fatigue syndrome, sleep disorders, depression, and chronic heart, lung, and kidney disease.

It may be due to a reduction in the speed with which the muscle can get its energy supply.

Muscle 'fatigability'

Some muscle tiredness is mainly muscle 'fatigability' - the muscle starts off normally but tires very quickly and takes longer to recover than normal. This often goes with muscle tiredness but is particularly seen in some uncommon conditions such as myasthenia gravis and myotonic dystrophy.

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