In: Nursing
Developing countries’ industrialization and urbanization attempts have been linked to psychological distress and alcohol abuse. We used Hobfoll’s COR theory to examine the relationship between gender, perceived resource loss (an indicator of industrialization stress), and alcohol abuse.The purpose of this secondary data analysis study was to describe what youth in a rural setting expressed as risk factors by sampling data from an existing ten year data set generated by academic service learning (ASL) students delivering educational psychology services to Grade 9 clients in a rural schools. Rurality theory served as theoretical framework and phenomenology was used as metatheory. Data sources, indicative of youth-expressed risk were purposively sampled from 2012 to 2015 cohorts and included data sources from clinical client file.multiple barriers to education (Language of learning and teaching (LOLT), Lack of learning resources, Teacher proximity constraints, Absent parents and Peer pressure). Although these risk factors are known to act as barriers to development for young people this study contributes by indicating these as particular risk factors that young people themselves signify as pertinent challenges they need to address. Young people were silent on racism, neglect and conservatism as risk factors present in rurality theory.Results indicated that there were few differences between settings in terms of treatment needs as measured by addiction severity or intentions to seek help. Participants in all three settings relied primarily on family and friends in their social networks reflecting the collectivistic Kenyan culture. Participants’ behavioral control was related positivity to friends and family support for recovery. The implications of these findings are discussed.