Question

. Why neutralizing antibodies are the biggest concern in immunogenicity of biotech drugs?

1. Define: Vector, Expression system, Cloning.?

Answer 1

Neutralizing antibodies are an important specific defense against viral invaders. Neutralizing antibodies not only to bind to a virus, they bind in a manner that blocks infection. A neutralizing antibody might block interactions with the receptor, or might bind to a viral capsid in a manner that inhibits uncoating of the genome. Only a small subset of the many antibodies that bind a virus are capable of neutralization. After an infection, it can take some time for the host to produce highly effective neutralizing antibodies but these persist to protect against future encounters with the agent.

Vector-an organism, typically a biting insect or tick, that transmits a disease or parasite from one animal or plant to another.

Expression systems are genetic constructs (a gene encoded by DNA) that are designed to produce a protein, or an RNA (ribonucleic acid), either inside or outside a cell. Expression systems are used in research and in the commercial production of enzymes or therapeutics.

Cloning is the process of producing individuals with identical or virtually identical DNA, either naturally or artificially.