You have isolated a single celled organism from an infection that you believe is a bacterium....

You have isolated a single celled organism from an infection that you believe is a bacterium. You would like to identify if that microbe is really a bacterium and not a eukaryote. Provide ten physical differences that you would be able to use to distinguish between a prokaryote and a eukaryote. (A Table comparison would be an appropriate format for your answer.)

The following table is a comparison of prokaryote and eukaryote physical structures.

Physical Structure: Prokaryote Eukaryote

Flagellum

Size

Membrane-bound Organelles

Shape

Capsule

Pili

Endospores

Nucleus

Cell multiplication

Cell wall

Part B. From your differences, select two characteristics and discuss how they might be important in the ability of that bacterium to cause an infectious disease.

References for Part A and Part B

Solutions

Expert Solution

Characteristics	Prokaryotic Cell	Eukaryotic Cell
Flagellum	Consists of two protein building blocks	Complex, Consisting of Microtubules
Size	Typically 0.2- 2.0μm in daimeter	Typically 10- 100μm in diameter.
Membrane Bound Organelle	Absent	Present; Example- Lysosome,Golgi Body , Endoplasmic Reticulum , Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Shape	Shape in Prokaryotics include- Rods,Cocci, bacilli etc..	Diverse shapes can be seen such as spherical, elongated, spindle-shaped, discoidal, polyhederal,Oval etc.
Capsule	Present in form of Glycocalyx	Present only in some cells that lacks Cell Wall.
Pili	May be present	Absent
Endospores	May be present	Absent
Nucleus	False Nucleus (No Membrane)	True Nucleus With Nuclear Membrane
Cell Multiplication	Binary Fission	Mitosis and Meiosis
Cell Wall	Usually present- Complex	May be present or absent : if present - Simple type

B. Two Characteristics that is Important in the ability of bacterium to cause infection is presence of-

1. Glycocalyx - The glycocalyx enables certain bacteria

To resist phagocytic engulfment by white blood cells in the body or protozoans in soil and water this aids in the Infection Causation.
To enables some bacteria to adhere to environmental surfaces (root hairs, teeth, etc.) And Colonize easily

2.Flagellum - It affects bacterial virulence in various ways,

Providing motility towards host targets
promoting early biofilm formation and thus bacterial survival
secreting virulence factor
triggering the adaptive and innate immune defense,
Also promoting aherence and invasion

Nightingale answered 1 year ago

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