Question

In: Nursing

You have isolated a single celled organism from an infection that you believe is a bacterium....

You have isolated a single celled organism from an infection that you believe is a bacterium. You would like to identify if that microbe is really a bacterium and not a eukaryote. Provide ten physical differences that you would be able to use to distinguish between a prokaryote and a eukaryote. (A Table comparison would be an appropriate format for your answer.)
The following table is a comparison of prokaryote and eukaryote physical structures.
Physical Structure: Prokaryote Eukaryote
Flagellum
Size
Membrane-bound Organelles
Shape
Capsule
Pili
Endospores
Nucleus
Cell multiplication
Cell wall

Part B. From your differences, select two characteristics and discuss how they might be important in the ability of that bacterium to cause an infectious disease.


References for Part A and Part B

Solutions

Expert Solution

Characteristics Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell
Flagellum Consists of two protein building blocks Complex, Consisting of Microtubules
Size Typically 0.2- 2.0μm in daimeter Typically 10- 100μm in diameter.
Membrane Bound Organelle Absent Present; Example- Lysosome,Golgi Body , Endoplasmic Reticulum , Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Shape Shape in Prokaryotics include- Rods,Cocci, bacilli etc.. Diverse shapes can be seen such as spherical, elongated, spindle-shaped, discoidal, polyhederal,Oval etc.
Capsule Present in form of Glycocalyx Present only in some cells that lacks Cell Wall.
Pili May be present Absent
Endospores May be present Absent
Nucleus False Nucleus (No Membrane) True Nucleus With Nuclear Membrane
Cell Multiplication Binary Fission Mitosis and Meiosis
Cell Wall Usually present- Complex May be present or absent : if present - Simple type

B. Two Characteristics that is Important in the ability of bacterium to cause infection is presence of-

1. Glycocalyx - The glycocalyx enables certain bacteria

  • To resist phagocytic engulfment by white blood cells in the body or protozoans in soil and water this aids in the Infection Causation.
  • To enables some bacteria to adhere to environmental surfaces (root hairs, teeth, etc.) And Colonize easily

2.Flagellum - It  affects bacterial virulence in various ways,

  • Providing motility towards host targets
  • promoting early biofilm formation and thus bacterial survival
  • secreting virulence factor
  • triggering the adaptive and innate immune defense,
  • Also promoting aherence and invasion

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