Question: Describe various policy measures taken by governments and Central Banks to deal with Corona Pandemic. How effective have been these policy measures, especially monetary and fiscal policies, in reducing the severity of the crisis? Take one or more countries as examples for your study. Provide data and analysis to support your answer.

Please answer the question in detail. Support your answer with data and references as much as possible. Write in your own words and provide references wherever applicable. Use economic terminologies as much as possible. Write legibly in complete sentences using the correct English language. There is no page limit.

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Question: Which sectors of the economy are the worst hit by Corona Pandemic and which sectors may have benefited from the Corona Pandemic? Take one or more countries as examples for your answer. Support your findings with data and analysis as much as possible. Clearly mention the country name(s). Please answer the question in detail. Support your answer with data and references as much as possible. provide references wherever applicable. Use economic terminologies as much as possible.

Your consulting firm has been hired by an important European-based multinational conglomerate, ' GKY Group'. The Group has required assistance for designing its long term global strategy.

The CEO, Mr. Lundberg, is particularly interested in understanding the long term growth potential of the U.S economy. Until now his company has had an aggressive expansion strategy in the U.S. This strategy has been based on a combination of acquisitions of smaller competitions, as well as major investment in expanding the group's own U.S plants.

Write an essay on 1 topic (1500 Word)

Topic 1: Voluntary patient enrolment in primary care From July 2020, the Australian Government will commence supporting voluntary patient enrolment (VPE) for patients aged 70 years and over. VPE aims to improve both patient and population health outcomes by encouraging continuity of care in general practice ( see: https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/primarycare for more details). In this essay, describe the changes to the payment system that will result from the introduction of VPE. How is the VPE payment model expected to support better health outcomes? Overall, do you support the Australian government’s VPE program? Why, why not?

Topic 2: Tobacco smoking

Tobacco smoking has long been established as a serious public health concern in Australia. The Australian government and health groups have used a multi-pronged strategy to reduce smoking rates over time. Discuss the economic rationale for these strategies and their likely impact on the consumption of tobacco products and subsequent health outcomes. In your answer, include the following:

1. The operation of an excise tax on tobacco product sales, using demand and supply curves to explore its impact.
2. The role of anti-smoking education campaigns to address potential market failure

Topic 3: Private health insurance reforms

In 2019, the Australian Government introduced reforms to categorise private health insurance products. See http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/private-health-insurance-reforms-fact-sheet-gold-gilver-bronze-basic-product-categories for more details.

In your essay:

• Describe the policy change.
• Explain why you think the Australian Government introduced these reforms, making reference to relevant market failures.
• Examine the impact you think the reforms will have in the market for private health insurance.

9. Why would the increase in foreign direct investments create new jobs and what happens next? Explain the process of the changes in equilibrium expenditure and real GDP that result from the increase in foreign direct investment.

10. What determines the increase in aggregate demand resulting from the foreign direct investment?

Please explain the influence and effect of state/sovereign immunity on international project finance guarantees? Your response should be 1000 words long and cited.

Question 2

The total quantity of natural resources to be extracted is 100 units, the rate of return is 5%pa the price now is $20 per unit, the price in 1 year is $30 per unit and the marginal extraction cost for both points in time is the same $10 per unit. How many units should be extracted now? Choose at least one correct answer

1. Approximately 66 units

2. Approximately 100 units

3. Approximately 0 units

4. Approximately 35 units

Question 3

To get the marginal user cost, for Question 2 above, it is simply price less the marginal extraction cost.

1. True

2. False

Question 4

Hotelling rule states that "the value of extracting a quantity of resources now and then earning interest on it such that the value grows to a future point in time" is equal to "the value of extracting a quantity of resource at the same future point in time".

1. True

2. False

1,

Assume you are an engineer working for a chemical production company. You are on the technical team that is responsible for deciding what to do about the dangerous chemical that your company is using to produce its best-selling chemical product. Recent reports have just made known the dangers of this chemical, and the company now needs to decide how to proceed. There are several options to consider: stop producing the harmful product altogether and take a hit on total profits; continue to make the product and sell it, like nothing's wrong, since the federal government has not cracked down. You could also spend money and engineering efforts in R&D to develop a safe chemical that would take its place. There is no guarantee that this would happen any time soon, but the scientists think it is realistically possible. To make matters worse, your biggest competitor produces this harmful product off-shore and is not hampered by the US regulations. If you stop producing this product altogether, the financial positions of the company would be at risk to some extent. Additional marketing efforts would have to be made to sell other products to gain back the lost revenue and profits.

Consider the possible decisions and the ethics of this situation. Take into account, safety, costs, profits, competition, etc. Discuss what you would propose as a member of the decision team and why you would propose it.

2. Six years ago when the relative cost index was 50, a 15 MW power generation facility cost $10M to build. Today the cost index is 80. What would the cost be to produce a 45MW facility today if the power sizing factor is 0.7?

What is your assessment of the financial market situation in Saudi Arabia?

What are diminishing returns to labour, and what consequences do they have for our understanding of how societies can achieve sustained economic growth over time?

Discuss the role of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in international business?

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5 pts

Currently, record numbers of Canadians are becoming unemployed due to the ongoing COVID-19 crisis. In this situation, how useful a measure is the unemployment rate? Briefly discuss.

Suppose that the MD = 5E and with its current technology, the firm’s MAC is given by MAC1 = 200 – 5E.

a) Determine the socially optimal level of emissions E. What is the TOTAL Social Cost?

b) Determine the emissions tax that would achieve the socially optimal level of emissions. What is the total PRIVATE costs to the Firm?

Now suppose the firm can adopt a new technology that changes is MAC to New MAC2 = 160 – 4E Assuming no change to standard or tax rate after the change in technology, Calculate change in costs for the firm from adopting the new technology when:

c) The government uses an emissions standard equal to your answer in (a) above

d) The government uses an emissions tax equal to your answer in (b)

Now suppose the government adjusts the standard and/or the tax such that MD = New MAC. Calculate the change in total costs for the firm from adopting the new technology when:

e) The government adjusts the standard, and

f) The government adjusts the tax rate

The Fireyear and Goodstone rubber companies whose factories produce finished rubber and sell it in to the highly competitive world market at a fixed price of $60 per ton. The process of producing a ton of rubber produces a ton of air pollution that affects the environment. This 1:1 relationship between rubber output and pollution is fixed at both factories. Let the output of Fireyear and Goodstone be QF and QG, respectively.

The cost formulas for each firm are as follows:

Fireyear Total cost: C = 300 + 2(QF)^2

Fireyear Marginal cost is MC = 4QF

Goodstone Total cost: C = 500 + (QG)^2

Goodstone Marginal cost is MC = 2QG

Total pollution emissions generated are EF + EG = QF +QG. The marginal damage of pollution is constant per unit of E at $12

a) In the absence of of regulation, how much rubber would be produced by each firm? What is the profit for each firm?

b) The local government decides to impose a Pigouvian tax on pollution in the community. What is the proper amount of such a tax per unit of emissions? What are the post regulation outputs and profits of each firm?

c) Suppose instead of an emissions tax, the government observes the outcome in part (a) and decides to offer a subsidy to each firm for each unit of pollution abated. What is the efficient per unit amount of such a subsidy? Again calculate the levels of output and profit for each firm.

d) Compare the output and profits for the two firms in parts (a) through (c). Comment on the differences, if any, and the possibility of one or both firms dropping out of the market?