Question

Write 5-6 paragraphs on why vaccines are important to administor (do not plaigerize)

Answer 1

Immunity is an inborn mechanism in every individual that helps to identifiy the foreigner entering our human body capabale of making one ill and helps to kill such agents.After this war, body produces antibodies against them so that in a next attack with the same agent, body recognises them and the antibodies that is already available in our system would destroy them and making our body free of infection. This immunity to certain agents is naturally present in the human body called Natural immunity whereas human body donot have immunity to all types of infectious agents encountered within nature. In order to develop immunity against such type of infectious agent or foreign bodies, our body needs to be induced with certain chemical agent which may be a live organism,killed forms, its toxins or surface proteins. These agents called Vaccines and the immunity achieved through vaccines is called Acquired immunity.

Vaccination is the process of giving vaccines. These vaccines provides immunity against the infectious disease. for example: Polio, diphtheria, measles etc. In every country WHO has developed a systematic vaccination schedule, according to which vaccines are given periodically starting from birth of a child.The effectiveness of a vaccine depends

• disease itself
• preparation and storage of vaccines
• proper vaccinating schedule
• assessibilty to avail vaccinations.

All these are key elements in a successful vaccination program and the health goal to eradicate infectious disease.

Vaccines are of Five types:

1. Live or attenuated vaccines. Ex: MMR, BCG
2. Killed or inactivated vaccines. Ex: inflenza, polio,hepatitis A, rabies
3. Toxoid vaccines .Ex: Diphtheria, Tetanus
4. Subunit vaccines. Ex: Human papilloma virus,Hepatiatis B
5. Conjugate vaccines: Ex: Hemophillus influenza type B

Live vaccines: It contains live viruses that has been cultured to destry its virulent properties. But live vaccines cannot be injected to a person who is immunocompromised.

Killed Vaccines: contains viruses which was virulent before but has been killed by means of chemical, heat or radiation.

Toxoid vaccines:In such vaccines instead of organisms, its toxic compounds are used. these toxic components are inactivated before use.

Subunit vaccines: the whole agent is not used instead only a fragment of it is used to generate immune response. Usually it consist of surface proteins of the virus.

Conjugate: In these type of vaccines the polysaccaride outer coats of bacteria is linked to the proteins. Thus it serves as a protein antigen

The storage of every vaccine is different. Some of them is required to placed in cool compartment of the cold chain, meanwhile others at the door of the cold chain. Transportation of vaccines from one place to another maintaing its effectiveness is important. So inorder to protect the human trait from deadly infectious disease, timely vaccination is important.