Question

QUESTION 2

1. Which causal criterion is established in an experiment by tests of statistical significance?

	a.	association
	b.	direction of influence
	c.	nonspuriousness (elimination of rival explanations)

7.7 points   

QUESTION 3

1. What is the purpose of tests of statistical significance in an experiment?

	a.	to establish direction of influence
	b.	to determine if random assignment created similar experimental and control groups
	c.	to determine the generalizability of the findings
	d.	to determine if chance is a reasonable explanation of experimental results

7.7 points   

QUESTION 4

1. In a laboratory experiment on helping behavior, two variables are manipulated: (1) others’ presence (whether participants worked alone on a task or with others) and (2) type of task (whether participants were timed or untimed on the task). The dependent measure is the number of seconds between someone’s request for help and the participant’s response. What type of experimental design is this?

	a.	posttest-only control group design
	b.	pretest-posttest control group design
	c.	2 × 2 factorial design
	d.	2 × 4 factorial design

7.7 points   

QUESTION 5

1. In comparison with laboratory experiments, field experiments

	a.	rarely involve manipulation of the independent variable.
	b.	afford less control over design and measurement.
	c.	are less likely to raise ethical issues.
	d.	usually involve more extensive debriefing

Answer 1

Answer:

2.

Right answer is Option A

i.e.,

association

The primary standard for setting up a causal impact is an observational (or watched) affiliation (here and there called a relationship) between's the autonomous and ward factors.

3.

Choice B is correct answer.

i.e.,

to determine if random assignment created similar experimental and control groups.

A factual test gives a component to settling on quantitative choices about a procedure or procedures. The aim is to decide if there is sufficient proof to "dismiss" a guess or theory about the procedure. The guess is known as the invalid theory.

4.

Here Option B is right answer.

i.e.,

pretest-posttest control group design

5.

Choice B is correct answer.

i.e.,

afford less control over design and measurement.

Field tests, similar to lab tests, arbitrarily dole out subjects (or other inspecting units) to either treatment or control bunches so as to test cases of causal connections.

Irregular task builds up the equivalence of the treatment and control gathering, with the goal that any contrasts between them that develop after the treatment has been regulated conceivably mirror the impact of the treatment as opposed to prior contrasts between the gatherings.

The distinctive attributes of field tests are that they are directed genuine settings and frequently subtly.