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Verniece Dantini, a 61-year-old female, comes to see Dr. Smallerman for her regular annual physical examination....

Verniece Dantini, a 61-year-old female, comes to see Dr. Smallerman for her regular annual physical examination. She has insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with retinal edema and chronic kidney disease, stage 1. In addition, she suffers from hypertensive heart disease with episodes of congestive heart failure. After the exam, Dr. Smallerman spends some time talking with Verniece about her day-to-day activities, her diet and overall eating habits, whether or not she is engaging in regular exercise, and her overall mental attitudes as well as physical well-being. The patient states it can be difficult to get around by herself due to the problems with her eyes, and she is finding it more and more difficult to give herself the insulin injections. Dr. Smallerman provides her with some information about an insulin pump, and she states she will go over it and discuss it with her son.?

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Expert Solution

Type 1 diabetes (TID): the phenomenon (self-antigen) tolerance: Recent research has revealed that the "immune tolerance impact on type I diabetes" is developed very early in life. Both T cells and B cells are involved in developing self- tolerance, which developed very early in life. Self -tolerance protects the body's own cells from being attacked by the immune system. Development of antibodies to self -cells results in autoimmune diseases, such as type I diabetes.

Diabetes is a lifestyle disorder, and irrespective of the culture of an individual, the diagnosed patients must not take the processed carbohydrates or foods with high sugar content, and their body weight must be maintained with the healthy range. Thus, the physician must acquire the information about the food habits of the patient based on their culture and suggest the foods with high fiber content, whole grains, and change the eating patterns such as eating in divided quantities during a day, the importance of avoiding alcohol, smoking, and practicing regular exercise. In the given case, the impaired vision, and other health conditions of the patient must also be considered, which is indicating that the patient requires personal care support to improve her health status.

Nightingale answered 2 years ago
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