Question

Create a matrix of hemodynamic values including systemic blood pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary wedge pressure, mean arterial pressure, right atrial pressure, right ventricular pressure, left atrial pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, and pulmonary vascular resistance, indicating for each the following data: normal values, causes of increased values, and causes of decreased values.

Answer 1

parameters	normal value	high value	causes for increased value	low value	causes of decreased value
1-blood pressure- systolic bp	<120mmHg	<130	-obesity heart valve problem -diabetes -hyperthyroidism	<90	-pregnancy -blood loss -dehydration -infection -anaphylaxis
diastolic BP	<80	>85	-obesity -lack of physical activity -high sodium diet-alcohol	<60	-Parkinsons disease -infection -anemia -allergic reaction
central venous pressure-CVP	2-6mmHg	>6	-overhydration -positive pressure breathing -decreased contractility -valve abnormalities	<2	-hypovolemia -negative pressure breathing -
pulmonary artery systolic pressure,	15-25mmHg	>25mmHg	-idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension -genetic mutation-drugs or illegal drugs -HIV -congestive heart failure Congestive heart failure	<15mmHg	large cross-sectional area of the pulmonary circulation -anaphylaxis
pulmonary artery diastolic pressure,	8-15mmHg	15>mmHg	-pulmonary artery diastolic pressur -flow is abolished	<8mmHg	hypovolemia -shock -sepsis
pulmonary wedge pressure	4 to 12 mm Hg	>12 mm Hg	-left ventricular failure -mitral or aortic valve disease. -cardiac insufficiency -post hemorrhage	<4 mm Hg	-copd -pulmonary venous obstruction -atrial myxoma
mean arterial pressure	70 and 100 mmHg	>100 mmHg	- heart attack -kidney failure -heart failure	<70 mmHg	- sepsis -stroke -internal bleeding
stroke volume	50 to 100 ml	>100 ml	-An increase in the volume -the speed of venous return will increase preload	>50 ml	-Decreased venous return
cardiac output	5 to 6 liters	>6 liters	Obesity. Liver disease. Anemia. Hyperthyroidism. Pregnancy. Lung disease. Septic shock. Paget's disease	<5liters	myocardial infarction -hypertension - valvular heart disease - congenital heart disease cardiomyopathy -heart failure -pulmonary disease,
pulmonary vascular resistance	100 – 200 dynes/sec/cm-5.	>200 dynes/seconds/cm-5	Vasoconstricting drugs. Hypoxemia. Acidemia. Hypercapnia (high partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide [PaCO2]) Atelectasis	<100 dynes/seconds/cm-5	low SVR -septic shock
systemic vascular resistance	700 to 1,500 dynes/seconds/cm-5.	>1,500 dynes/seconds/cm-5	Hypothermia Hypovolemia Cardiogenic shock Stress response Syndromes of low cardiac output	<700 dynes/seconds/cm-5	Anaphylactic and neurogenic shock Anemia Cirrhosis Vasodilation