Question

1- blood work, fever, all major sign and symptoms of Toxoplasma gondii

2- Tests for detection – serological and DNA based (also includes V, B, P, G+/G-)

3- Pathogenesis – virulence factors, toxins spores etc how it damages our bodies

Answer 1

Ans. 1)Major Signs and Symptoms of Toxoplasma gondii:a fever ,swollen lymph nodes especially in neck,a headache, muscular pain,sore throat.

Taxoplasmosis is serious for people who have weakened immune system,like brain inflammation,seizures,coma.lung infections,an eye infection,causing blurred vision and eye pain.

2).Tests for Detection of Toxoplasmosis:There are two methods for detection: Serological or DNA based.

Serological method:There are a variety of Serological tests like Dye Test(DT),Modified agglutination test(MAT),Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA), Immunosorbent agglutination assay(ISAGA),Indirect florescent antibody tests(IFAT).

DNA based tests: These tests can be performed also in parental cases or immunocompromised patient in comparison to Serological test.the various DNA based tests are: Conventional PCR,Real time PCR,loop mediated isothermal amplification(lMIA), microsatellite analysis,multilocus sequencing typing(MST),PCR-RLFP.G-value: for all patients,over the 5 months of observation an increase in G avidity values from 1 7 to 52.4% was observed, G+=Lymphadenopathy avidity ,G-=Lymphadenopathy noavidity.P:Lymphadenopathy duration ,it is high in 5 months or low in 3 months.

3). Pathogenesis:virulence factor:T gondii virulance dependent on factors that are involved in host-parasite cell interaction,or in host immune response.Among the virulance factors one is the ability to escape the phagosome before phagolysosome formation,the ability to induce phagocytosis,and the ability to invaginate plasma membrane give it ability to be ingested in the gastrointestinal tract,as a cyst in meat or a oocyte in feces,and then infect cells throughout body.

Toxins:A Toxofactor is associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection is toxic and teratogenic to mice.

Spores; cysts are produced that have the ability to modify host behavior.Normal cysts are formed in neurons ,it was assumed that the cysts were doing something biologically that is activlyacchanging the behavior.

.in pragnent women,this disease leads to abortion a stillbirt.

.people with inferior immune system developes more serious effects such as brain lesions,seizures,delusions,hallucination and blurred vision.