Question

For each of the following pairs of independent and dependent variables, write about both a probabilistic and a deterministic relationship to describe the likely relationship:
(a) A person's education (X) and voter turnout (Y).
(b) A nation's economic health (X) and political revolution (Y).
(c) Candidate height (X) and election outcome (Y).

Answer 1

The probabilistic model gives a probability distribution as solution to predict outcomes with associated probabilities. Whereas the deterministic model gives one certain result based on the information received.

(a) A person's education (X) and voter turnout (Y).

Voter turnout depends upon the eligibility. If the persons are educated about voting, they will turn up and if not the won't. Since the education varies so will the turnout. Hence, it has  probabilistic model.

(b) A nation's economic health (X) and political revolution (Y).

The political revolution is not certain dependending upon the nation's economic health. If the economy is good there will be better outcomes and if not the outcome can be unfavourable. Since, it isn't certain, it has probabilistic model.

(c) Candidate height (X) and election outcome (Y).

The election outcomes depending on candidate's height will gather votes for every candidate. After the counting we can be certain of the winner. Hence, it is a deterministic model.