Take a picture of frame or machine. You must physically see it--no internet pictures. Explain why it should be categorized as a frame or a machine. Justify your case using the definitions of frames and machines as it applies to this statics class.

Please write at least 200 words. You will be graded for your effort and insight.

1.Describe the differences, if any, between laminar and turbulent boundary layers.

2.Describe the different sub-layers required to model turbulent boundary layers.

3.Discuss the reason(s) for a similar pattern between wall shear stress and heat transfer coefficient profiles.

4.Describe the reason(s) why both turbulent momentum and thermal boundary layers approaching each other.

5.Describe the reason(s) why the unsteady governing equation terms must be kept when dealing with turbulence

Give a metallurgical explanation of what a person would be obtaining if they ordered a product by the descriptive name. A metallurgical explanation would be based on the chemical composition, the expected phases present, what type of processing would have been done to obtain the phases, and the properties you would see on a stress vs strain curve.

a) spring steel

b) machinable alloy steel

c) bake hardenable steel

d) dual phase steel

e) interstitial free steel

f) tempered martensite

Rank the following microstructures of steel in terms of their relative ductility, assuming they each feature the same overall composition and, as applicable, the same fractions of the phases present.

1 = highest ductility

6 = lowest ductility

Fine Pearlite, bainite, tempered martensite, spheroidite, martensite, coarse pearlite   

Rank the following microstructures of steel in terms of their relative hardness, assuming they each feature the same overall composition.

1 = highest hardness

6 = lowest hardness

Fine Pearlite, bainite, tempered martensite, spheroidite, martensite, coarse pearlite   

Question From Solar Technologies....

#1)  From system engineering standpoint, describe ways as to how the hot air from a solar collector can be used in buildings.

#2) Use the data provided in example 3.15 (pp. 118-119) to compute the available power, outlet temperature, and thermal efficiency at vwind = 2 m/s (all other boundary conditions are the same as condition No. 4). Compare the results from this new condition with that from condition No. 4. Note: Please describe the procedure and equations used for the calculations, and show you work (or attach your spreadsheet).

____(giwevn question)Example 3.15 Calculation of the available power, the outlet temperatures and the thermal efficiency for a facadeintegrated air collector at 800 W/m² irradiance and an ambient temperature of 10°C. The ambient temperature equals the inlet temperature Tf,in in the collector. The air duct geometry corresponds to the examples already calculated with a collector length of 2.5 m, and the heat transfer coefficient of the rear Ub is a constant 0.65 W/m²K (side losses ignored).

A system consists of 2 kg of carbon dioxide gas initially at state 1, where p₁ = 1 bar, T₁ = 300 K. The system undergoes a power cycle consisting of the following processes:

Process 1–2: Constant volume to p₂ = 4 bar.
Process 2–3: Expansion with pv^1.4 = constant.
Process 3–1: Constant-pressure compression.

Assuming the ideal gas model and neglecting kinetic and potential energy effects, calculate thermal efficiency.

Choose an ethics case study which occurred in the last 7 years. Write a 1-2 page, paper addressing the following:
• Briefly describe the event

• Discuss the ethical issues /cite specific codes from the IEEE Code of Ethics)

• Describe the outcome of any lawsuits, board reviews, etc.

• Provide your own viewpoints on the case, including a solution
Don't forget to include references!

A Rankine cycle power plant is being developed to operate an irrigation system. In this power
plant solar energy will be used to boil a low boiling point fluid within glazed flat plate solar
collectors. The working fluid that has been selected is the commonly used refrigerant R 134a
(1, 1, 1, 2 tetrafluoroethane), tabulated properties of which may be found in Tables A11, A12
and A13 at the rear of the prescribed text.
The plates being used for the solar collector are made of top and bottom layers of
aluminium bonded together for much of their area and incorporating tubular passages of oval
cross-section in the unbonded areas, within which the refrigerant boils. The working pressure
of this construction is 1400 kPa (absolute). It is intended that the refrigerant will boil at this
pressure and be superheated, thereby bringing the temperature up to 55° C. The quality of
the glazing and insulation on the solar collectors is such that at these fluid conditions, and
with a solar intensity of 1 kW per square metre onto the glazing, the efficiency of solar energy
collection into the fluid is 70%.
The superheated vapour is fed from the boiler to a small turbine, the isentropic
efficiency of which is 83 % x (1.01) .The turbine will drive an electric
generator whose output will be used in part to provide power for the boiler feed pump whose
isentropic efficiency is 91 % / (1.08).
The remainder of the electricity will be used to drive an irrigation pump and charge up
batteries for use in less sunny periods.
The irrigation pump is responsible for taking cold water from a stream, through the
condenser of the power plant and from that to drip irrigation trickle hoses in the fields nearby.
The condenser and a water pump are positioned in a concrete lined pit below the stream
level to ensure the pump is always primed and the condenser water tubes are free of air
locks. The trickle hoses are laid out in the fields above the stream level. When the power
plant is operating at the design condition of 1 kW per square metre solar intensity, the water
flow rate through the condenser is to be such that it rises in temperature from 14°C to 21°C.
At this condition the saturation temperature of the refrigerant in the condenser will be 34° C.
The refrigerant is to enter the boiler feed pump at this saturation temperature as a fully
condensed liquid.
The various components of the power plant are to be sized such that the net electric
output available for the water pump and battery charging is 1.7 kW when the rate of solar
energy incidence on the collector glazing is 1 kW per square metre. The efficiency of the
electric generator is 92% / (1.0X) and the efficiency of the electric motor driving the boiler
feed pump it is 85% x (1.0Y).

4. For the design requirement of 1.7 kW net electrical power output, determine, for the real
case:
a. the necessary mass flow rate of refrigerant;
b. the electrical power input to the boiler feed pump motor;
c. the electrical output power rating of the turbo generator;
d. the necessary solar collector area;
e. the necessary water flow rate through the condenser.

pros and cons of using
a drain rooter with live image with handheld screen or using a drain rooter device with smartphone.

A sheet metal with a thickness of 3 mm has a limiting drawing ratio of 2.4. Calculate the largest circular blank that could be used successfully in deep drawing a cylindrical cup with an internal diameter of 75 mm. Also calculate the punch force required when the sheet metal has an ultimate tensile strength of 530 MPa.

6. Describe the differences between Grashof and Rayleigh numbers
7. For free-convection problems, describe how the momentum and energy equations are coupled.
8. Describe the driving forces for free and forced-convection problems.
9. For the momentum dimensionless form equation, describe the modulating factor for the viscous terms.
10. For the energy dimensionless form equation, describe the modulating factor for the conduction terms.

Briefly discuss the operational and strategic considerations In the Implementation of a CIM system (10)

A disk is cast in an open mould with diameter 25 cm and height 15 mm. The pouring temperature is 1200°C. Calculate the total heat evolved during cooling if the disk was cast in copper, and given that the heat of fusion is 200 kJ/kg.

1. Why is the required specific energy in grinding much higher than machining process? Explain at least three major reasons and the related assumptions.


2. It is generally recommended that a soft grade grinding wheel be used for hardened steels. Explain why.

What are the "FACTORS" that affect/control the maximum drawing ratio per pass in the drawing process? Can you please focus on only the "FACTORS" in your answer and explain how they affect it.