3) A vortex tube receives 0.3 m³/min of air at 600 kPa and 300 K. The discharge from the cold end of the tube is 0.6 kg/min at 245 K and 100 kPa. The discharge from the hot end is at 325 K and 100 kPa. Determine the irreversibility.

hey everyone i would like to need a solution for 1.9D, 1.15D and 1.18D from chapter 1 book fundamentals of machine component design 5th edition

1.9D An incident occurred resulting in a worker’s hand being amputated in a machine called a “pallet notcher” that cuts notches in 2 in. 4 in. lumber (boards), used to build pallets. The boards move on a conveyor to the notcher where they drop into a covered area about four feet long. The covered area houses two sets of staggered rotating knives. The boards go through the first set of knives, notching one end, then through the second set, which notches the opposite end. At the time of the accident, Problems 31 c01.qxd 8/3/11 9:16 AM Page 31 the worker was collecting the notched wood from the exit area of the machine. He was pulling the boards outward as they exited the machine. He felt something hit his fingertip, and when he pulled back, his hand had been removed near the wrist. Additional facts in this accident include: (a) Prior to the day of the accident, the employee had not been stationed at the incident pallet notcher. (b) The incident pallet notcher machine was not the employee’s usual station. (c) The employee was working near the exit area of the notcher at the time of the accident. (d) The area where the boards exit the machine is approximately 7 in. high and 19 to 20 in. from the point of operation. This distance is easily reachable by an employee working at the machine exit. (OSHA report) (e) A piece of “hung” carpet located toward the exit of the machine hindered the visibility of the blades and allowed an employee to reach under it and access the blades. (f) The pallet notcher was not guarded to protect the employees from the point of operation. (OSHA report) (g) The employer knew that guarding was required and was aware that the pallet notcher was not guarded. (OSHA report) (h) The employee reportedly was not informed of the location of the blades for the incident machine. (i) At the time of the accident there was no warning label on the machine to alert the employee that a cutting blade was within his reach. (j) The employee was not instructed to use a pull stick to retrieve boards that do not exit the machine. (k) A “willful” citation (issued when the employer knowingly commits a violation) was proposed for a violation of 1910.212(a)(3)(ii). (OSHA report) Search the OSHA regulations at http://www.osha.gov and specifically review the section 29 CFR 1910.212(a)(3)(ii). Write a paragraph relating this section to the above incident. Also, list ways in which this accident could have been prevented.

1.15D D According to an OSHA director of field programs, a driller was in the process of raising the traveling block and the attached kelly and swivel assembly when an oil drilling rig accident occurred. During an oil drilling operation, an air-chugger winch cable was attached to the kelly pipe as a tag line to prevent it from swinging. Two of the rig hands were monitoring the kelly pipe as it was pulled out of the rat hole. The chain hand picked up the spinning chain and positioned himself near the drawworks drum as he waited for the kelly to be positioned over the hole. When he tossed the end of the spinning chain over his shoulder it became entangled in the fast line cable as the cable was spooled onto the drum. The spinning chain wrapped around the worker’s wrist and pulled him into the drum as the chain’s slack was drawn up. The spinning chain also struck the worker in the groin area and fractured his leg and severed his femoral artery. The driller stopped the drawworks before the worker was completely pulled into the drum encasement, but the worker was seriously injured. His leg was amputated and injuries to his hand resulted in a permanent disability. The drawworks drum was equipped with metal casing that enclosed the drum on the lower front, top, and sides. However, there was an opening of approximately 4' 3' to allow the fast line adequate clearances to spool back and forth onto the drum that has no barrier guard. (See Figure P1.15D.) Apparently, the drawworks drums used on oil well drilling sites were designed and constructed as described above without any barrier guard to protect workers in close proximity to the drawworks drum from the hazard of the ingoing nip point between the moving fast line and the drum. Search the OSHA regulations http://www.osha.gov and specifically review the regulation 29 CFR 1910.212(a)(1), General requirement for all machines. Write a paragraph explaining how this section would apply to the drum. Also, suggest a guard (design) that could have prevented this accident. Problems 35 4 3 Fast line cable

1.18D An incident occurred in which a cantilevered section of a walkway under demolition fell in a bagasse warehouse area at a sugar mill, resulting in the death of a worker positioned on top of the walkway. The incident walkway was constructed of two 2.625 in. by 10 in. steel C-channel main beams spaced three feet apart with metal floor grating welded to the top of the C-channel beams. The cantilevered walkway had welded-on hand rails and was approximately three ft in width, 11 ft in length and located at a height of 40 ft from ground level. This section weighed more than 800 lbs. The worker was positioned on the cantilevered portion of the walkway cutting through the floor grating of the walkway when the cantilevered walkway section unexpectedly gave way and fell to the area below. The demolition of the walkway left one section of the walkway cantilevered and supported by the metal floor grating and by an undersized weld. Demolition proceeded without an engineering study of the structural integrity of the bagasse walkway as well as an adequate plan for demolition. A proper engineering study of the structural integrity of the bagasse warehouse walkway as well as an adequate demolition plan in reasonable engineering probability would have prevented the accident. Search the OSHA regulation at http://www.osha.gov and review the sections 29 CFR 1926.501(a)(2) and 29 CFR 1926.850(a). Write a paragraph relating each section to the above incident and describe how following the regulations would have reduced the risk to employees.

determine the speed of sound in refrigerant-134a at 0.1 MPa and 60°C

a.) What are the two main types of TTT diagrams that are widely used?

b.) Why do isothermal TTT diagrams exhibit such a characteristic C- shape for diffusional transformations?

c.) Which influence do alloying elements have on the transformation behaviour of steels?

d.) Why should TTT diagrams always include the austenitisation parameters?

piper cherokee wing area is 16m², span is 9.75m. total weight is 1100kg. airfoil is NACA 65-415 and lift coefficient slope is 0.1033 per degree. αL=0 is -1.5degree. Assume τ = 0.12. when air density is 1.23Kg/m³ and speed is 193Km/h. Determine the wing's angle of attack

Explain what is Poisson’s ratio, and define all the variables in the definition.
What is the maximal (minimal) value of the Poisson’s ratio?
Does the volume change in compression and expansion depend on the Poisson’s ratio (explain why and how)?

Sketch model system and explain the use of nuclear energy for PWR (pressure Water Reactor) Power Plant. Complete your answer with T-s, P-v and h-s diagram if known:

Compressed liquid enter heat exchanger 260^oC ; 150 bar

Compressed liquid out heat exchanger 220^oC ; 100 bar

fluid enter heat exchanger 212.4^oC ; 20 bar, saturated liquid

fluid out heat exchanger 240^oC ; 20 bar, superheated vapor

Steam out of turbine 0.04 bar ; x=90%

a) Calculate how much calorie that has to be generated by the reactor per kg liquid

b) Calculate power generated by the turbine

c) Calculate ratio mass flow rate compressed liquid (liquid cooled reactor) to fluid

a.Why is the radius of crack opening critical?

b.Explain the crack growth from a surface crack and how it grows. Why does it not need to be over half the cross sectional surface area to fracture?

c.Use the Hunt Library or your preferred source and research how alloying and heat treatment can reduce or worsen the expected life.

Six Sigma intended to be deployed from the Top - Down, i.e. from Corporate Level down to Process Level. Share your thoughts with regards to trying to deploy the strategy from the "Bottom - Up". That is to say, use projects at the lower levels in the organization to grow a Six Sigma strategy at a company. Consider the size of the company and the willingness of the company to accept change

A two-phase liquid–vapor mixture of Refrigerant 134a is contained in a 2-ft3, cylindrical storage tank at 100 lbf/in.2 Initially, saturated liquid occupies 1.6 ft3. The valve at the top of the tank develops a leak, allowing saturated vapor to escape slowly. Eventually, the volume of the liquid drops to 0.6 ft3. If the pressure in the tank remains constant, determine (a) the mass of refrigerant that has escaped, in lb, and (b) the heat transfer, in Btu.

PLEASE USE THE NUMBERs FROM THIS QUESTION. I am trying to compare my answers because I keep getting it wrong. Thank you

You graduated as a mechanical engineer five years ago, taking a job as a trainee engineer with a major automotive manufacturer. Since you were not happy with this company, you left three years ago to work for Hallmark, a large UK-based engineering consultancy company with several important offices worldwide. Hallmark commonly contract-out their employees to other companies (many consultancies do this). These often involve Hallmark engineers working for many months (sometimes years) at the other company, forming close working relationships with the company's engineers and other staff, and being party to information and data that are confidential to the company.

Soon after you started at Hallmark, they contracted you to work for PartCo Ltd, a large company that designs and manufactures automotive parts (PartCo often contract with Hallmark for engineers when PartCo has important work that requires extra staff). PartCo is a worldwide organisation and does business with most UK, European and Japanese automobile manufacturers. You joined a group doing relatively routine, but highly demanding, work on clarifying the design details for a new range of constant velocity (CV) joints for front-wheel drives. This required computer-based

engineering simulations of the parts, testing of prototypes, and final assurance of the products before the designs were released for manufacturing.

Whilst you have been doing this, you got a really good idea for a completely new type of CV joint. You have worked on the idea at week-ends and now believe that it could revolutionise vehicle propulsion. You have continued to work privately on this idea after returning to Hallmark to work on other, non-automotive, jobs.

You have told no-one at either PartCo or Hallmark of your private activities on the new CV joints.

Questions

(i) What intellectual property (IP) is involved here?

(ii) Who owns it?

(iii) If you wished to secure and exploit rights to the new CV joint, how would you go about it?

(iv) Could you justify your actions ethically?

Air enters an adiabatic compressor at 100 kPa (absolute) and 20 ºC at a rate of 0.075 m3 /s, and it exits at a pressure of 900 kPa (absolute). The compressor has an isentropic efficiency of 70 percent. Neglecting the changes in kinetic and potential energies, determine (a) the exit temperature of air and (b) the power required to drive the compressor.

How does a crack grow and why does the mean stress level influence the rate of growth within a metallic component? Is this material specific and if so explain why? Include how maintenance can influence the ‘life-expectancy’ of an aircraft.

Describe and quantify what you can do to improve ride comfort in a multi-degree-of-freedom model. make an example