Describe:

-The reasons why the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate terms require particular modeling close to the wall.

-The required boundary conditions for the turbulent kinetic energy equation

-The detailed required boundary conditions for the pressure equation.

A circular solid shaft rotating at n=1000n=1000 rpm suports a bending moment M=200M=200 klbf*in. Compute the life NN for shafts having four different diameters d1=2.6,d2=2.32,d3=1.93d1=2.6,d2=2.32,d3=1.93, and d4=4.16d4=4.16 inches. Material properties: SUT=200SUT=200 kpsi, Se=50Se=50 kpsi, f=0.8,Nt=103,Ne=106f=0.8,Nt=103,Ne=106.

An adiabatic steam turbine receives 50 kg/s of superheated steam at 5 MPa and 500oC. Steam exits the turbine with a pressure of 100 kPa. Determine the minimum exit quality and the maximum power output of the turbine in kW.

Prepare 5 pages (max. ) brief description about Multiphase flow pumps that work at high gas volume fraction or percentage ( high GVF).

The report should address the following important points:

-Differences between multiphase flow pump (for gas and liquid mixture) and single phase flow pump (for liquid).

-Difference between multiphase (gas-liquid) flow pump at high gas percentage (say 80% and above gas) and a compressor.

-Differences in pump head, pump speed, design and stages should be addressed.

-How can we modify a single phase flow pump (liquid only) to handle gas-liquid flow

-How can we modify a gas-liquid flow pump to handle gas percentage rather than low percentage of gas

Nitrogen (N2), at 300 K, 1 bar with a mass flow rate of 1 kg/s enters an insulated mixing chamber and mixes with carbon dioxide (CO2) entering as a separate stream at 500 K, 1 bar with a mass flow rate of 0.5 kg/s. The mixture exits at 1 bar. Assuming ideal gas behavior, for steady-state operation, determine (a) the molar analysis (i.e., the molar flow rate for each gas) of the exiting mixture, (b) the exit mixture temperature, and (c) the rate of entropy generation, in kW/k.

Consider a steam power plant operating on the simple ideal Rankine cycle. Steam enters the turbine at 15 MPa and 600°C. The steam condenses in the condenser at 10 kPa. Use the EES software to study the effects of the following cases on the cycle performance and to sketch the T-s diagram for each case:

#Plot the variation of the cycle thermal efficiency with the turbine isentropic efficiency. Take the isentropic efficiency of the turbine in the range 70% to 100%.

#If the cycle is modified to the ideal reheat Rankine cycle with the same pressure limits and same maximum temperature, Plot the variation of the steam quality at the turbine exit and the thermal efficiency with the reheat pressure. Take the range of the reheat pressure from 3 to 8 MPa.

#If the cycle is modified to the ideal regenerative Rankine cycle with the same pressure limits and same maximum temperature, plot the variation of the thermal efficiency with the extraction (bleeding) pressure ranging from 1 to 3 MPa, with a step of 0.5 MPa.

#The heat is supplied to the boiler from a heat source (e.g. furnace) of a constant temperature. For the same pressure limits and same maximum temperature of the cycle, plot the variation of the second law efficiency with the heat source temperature ranging from 700 to 1200 K. In addition, show the variations of the exergy destroyed in each component of the cycle (boiler, turbine, condenser, pump) with the heat source temperature and identify the rooms of improvement in the second-law efficiency.

You student should submit a detailed report of your results supported with plots and conclusions. Moreover, the EES code used in the study should be included in the report. A soft copy of the report and the EES code are to be submitted through the course blackboard.

A gearbox is to be designed with a compound reverted gear train that transmits 25 horsepower

with an input speed of 2500 rev/min. The output should deliver the power at a rotational speed in

the range of 280 to 300 rev/min. Spur gears with 20? pressure angle are to be used. Assuming a diametral pitch of 6 teeth/in. Please show all steps.

(a) Determine pitch diameters for each of the gears.

(b) Determine the pitch line velocities (in ft/min) for each set of gears.

(c) Determine the magnitudes of the tangential, radial, and total forces transmitted between each

set of gears.

(d) Determine the input torque.

(e) Determine the output torque, neglecting frictional losses.

Water at 35°C is pumped through a horizontal, 200-m-long, 30-mm-diameter tube at 0.25 kg/s. Over time, a 2-mm-thick layer of scale of surface roughness e = 200 µ m is deposited on the interior tube wall. Determine the pressure drop from the entrance to the exit of the tube and the required pump power for the clean and fouled conditions.

What active sensors can be used to aid in localization? What limitations arise from performing localization using only wheel encoders? Please type the answer

When operated at N = 1170 rpm, a centrifugal pump, with impeller D = 8in., has a shutoff head ho = 25.0 ft of water. At the same operating speed, best efficiency occurs at Q = 300 gpm, where the head is h = 21.9 ft of water. Fit these data at 1170 rpm with a parabola. Scale the results to a new operating speed of 1750 rpm. Plot and compare the results.

Supercharging of an engine is used to increase the inlet air density so that more fuel can be added, the result of

which is an increased power output. Assume that ambient air, 100 kPa and 27°C, enters the supercharger at a rate

of 250 L/s. The supercharger (compressor) has an isentropic efficiency of 75%, and uses 20 kW of power input.

Assume that the ideal and actual compressor have the same exit pressure. Find the ideal specific work and verify

that the exit pressure is 175 kPa. Find the percent increase in air density entering the engine due to the

supercharger and the entropy generation

Identify the trend of using sensors in the transportatoin (cars) area over time
Describe change over three stages (time periods). Add references used.

Initial:

Middle

Recent:

Water flows through a shower head steadily at a rate of 8 kg/min. The water is heated in an electric water heater from 158C to 458C. In an attempt to conserve energy, it is proposed to pass the drained warm water at a temperature of 388C through a heat exchanger to preheat the incoming cold water. Design a heat exchanger that is suitable for this task, and discuss the potential savings in energy and money for your area.