Derive the Friction Hill equation for open die forging of a cylindrical workpiece

How carbon affect hardness?? and Discuss the hardenability of each material.

1018 steel, 4140 steel, 1045 steel and 8620 steel

A new semi-automatic machine costs $ 80,000 and is expected to generate revenues of $ 40,000 per year for 6 years. It will cost $ 25,000 per year to operate the machine. At the end of 6 years, the machine will have a salvage value of $ 10,000. Evaluate the investment in this machine using all four methods (payback period, present worth, uniform annual cost (UAC), and rate of return). Neglect the salvage value for the payback period method and the rate of return methods.

Suppose, a completely automated machine is available for $ 140,000. The annual operating cost is $ 10,000 and the service life is expected to be 7 years. The salvage value of this equipment at the end of this period is $ 25,000. Revenues from this alternative too are $ 50,000 per year. Use the UAC method to compare this investment alternative with the semi-automatic machine investment.

Use a rate of return of 15 % where necessary.

Beer is to be pumped from a fermenting vessel to a racking tank at a velocity of 1.5 m/s through a 100 mm ID pipe, having an absolute roughness of 0.05 mm. The total length of the pipe, allowed for fitting and valves is equivalent to 10 m on the suction side of the pump and 60 m on the delivery. The pump is situated at 3 m below the constant level of beer in the fermenting vessel, which is at atmospheric pressure. Beer is discharged at the level 15 m above the pump in the racking tank. The pressure at the delivery point is 200kPa. The pump efficiency is 60%.

Make appropriate assumption and calculate the total head to be developed by the pump, its size and its required NPSH.

Given: beer viscosity = 0.001 Pa.s, beer density = 1.010 kg/l, vapour pressure = 2.3 kPa

A 20 degree Brix apple juice is being pumped from an open tank through a 1-in nominal diameter sanitary pipe into a second tank at a higher level. The mass flow rate is 1 kg/s through 30 m of straight pipe with two 90 degree standard elbows and one angle valve. The supply tank maintains a liquid level of 3 m and the apple juice leaves the system at an elevation of 12 m above the floor. Compute the power requirements of the pump.

Given: Juice density is 997.1 kg/m3 and viscosity is 2.1*10-3 Pa.s. Pump efficiency is 60%.

Air is compressed from 100 Kpa and 22 C to an outlet pressure 8 times greater. The compressor is not well insulated and loses heat at a rate of 120 kJ/kg. It is also note that there is a decrease in the entropy of the air of 0.4 kJ/kg-K between the inlet & the outlet. Assuming constant specific heats determine a) The outlet air temperature b) The required work input (kJ/kg) c) The entropy generation sgen (kJ/kg-K) during the compression process

. For each of edge, screw, and mixed dislocations:

        (a) describe and make a drawing of the dislocation;

        (b) note the location of the dislocation line;

                (c) indicate the direction along which the dislocation line extends

Several types of thermoplastic elastomers were described in lecture and the textbook. Briefly describe the two phase model that explains the behavior of these polymers.

Describe a biomedical application of poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) or PMMA containing polymers, copolymers or blends.

Describe and discuss:

The method required to specify inlet and outlet conditions for subsonic and supersonic flows.

The reasons for having different source and dissipation terms in regions close to the wall and away from the wall.

The meaning of apparent stresses.

Conditions for the law-of-the-wall to be adequate when studying turbulent flows.

Discuss:

How discrete momentum coefficients need particular modeling for the turbulent flows

The main reasons for limitations associated with algebraic turbulence models for recirculating flows

The differences between RANS and LES turbulence models.

Describe:

-The reasons why the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate terms require particular modeling close to the wall.

-The required boundary conditions for the turbulent kinetic energy equation

-The detailed required boundary conditions for the pressure equation.

A circular solid shaft rotating at n=1000n=1000 rpm suports a bending moment M=200M=200 klbf*in. Compute the life NN for shafts having four different diameters d1=2.6,d2=2.32,d3=1.93d1=2.6,d2=2.32,d3=1.93, and d4=4.16d4=4.16 inches. Material properties: SUT=200SUT=200 kpsi, Se=50Se=50 kpsi, f=0.8,Nt=103,Ne=106f=0.8,Nt=103,Ne=106.

An adiabatic steam turbine receives 50 kg/s of superheated steam at 5 MPa and 500oC. Steam exits the turbine with a pressure of 100 kPa. Determine the minimum exit quality and the maximum power output of the turbine in kW.