Explain the working principle of the separator step by step (include sludge discharge process as well). Write down the differences between clarifier and purifier operation. Write down separator parts and their duties. Write the shock and start up procedures of separator. Explain why ALCAP separator is needed to be developed and describe its differences between conventional separator

(Please write keyboard and detailed)

The composite wall of a building consists of a 100 mm layer of common brick, a 100 mm layer of glass fibre (organic bonded), a 10 mm layer of gypsum plaster (perlite aggregate) and a 6 mm of pine panel. If the inside convection coefficient is 10 W/m2 .K and the outside convection coefficient is 70 W/m2 .K, calculate: (i) the total thermal resistance of the wall; (ii) the overall heat transfer coefficient of the wall.

R-134a expands through a throttling device from 900 kPA and 30 oC to -10 oC.
a- determine the entropy generation of this process.
b- the working fluid R-134a, this time expands adiabatically through a low pressure turbine with 90% isentropic efficiency from 900 kPa and 30 oC to -10 oC. What is the power generated by this turbine per unit mass flow rate of R134-a, in kj/kg.

A 1-m-diameter cylinder, 1 m long, is maintained at 800 K and has an emissivity of 0.65. Another cylinder, 2 m in diameter and 1 m long, encloses the first cylinder and is perfectly insulated. Both cylinders are placed in a large room maintained at 300 K. Calculate the heat lost by the inner cylinder.

What are the major source of emissions in power plant and how can we reduce it?

a) Discuss the heat generation mechanism in electric arc welding and oxy-acetylene gas welding.

b) Discuss the generation of neutral, reducing and oxidizing flame in gas welding along with the application of each type of flame.

c) Draw schematics of Metal Inert Gas (MIG) and Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process, and discuss the difference between them. Also, very briefly mention the different between these processes and submerged arc welding processes.

Sirius has a mass of 2 solar masses and radius of 1.71 solar radius, determine average
density of Sirius.

a) pressure at half radius of Sirius b) temperature at half radius of Sirius c) radiation pressure at half radius.

Hint: You may find the ideal gas law helpful. Mean molecular weight for outer layers of stars is ~ 0.61.

A 400-W cylindrical resistance heater is 1 m long and 0.5-cm-diameter. The resistance wire is placed horizontally in a fluid at 20◦C, flowing at a velocity of 20 m/s. Determine the outer surface temperature of the resistance wire in steady operation if the fluid is

(a) air and

(b) water. Ignore any heat transfer by radiation and evaluate properties of air at 800 K and properties of water at 315 K.

1. When is a pressure operated valves used?

2. Sketch a non-compensated flow control valve.
   i) Differentiate the non-compensated and pressure compensated valve.
   ii) Name 2 example of flow control valve used in industry.

Compare the Otto cycle, Diesel cycle, and Stirling cycle.

a: Draw the P-v diagrams and label all the processes.

b: Draw the corresponding T-s diagrams for the three power cycles and label all the processes.

c: Draw the corresponding T-v diagrams for the three power cycles and label all the processes.

d: Discuss the similarity and the difference about their thermal efficiencies explicitly.

e: Discuss how to improve the thermal efficiencies of the Otto cycle, the Diesel cycle, and the Stirling cycle.

What is intrinsic and extrinsic workability?

Explain how the compressibility and shock wave generation affects the design of fighter jets.

Metallurgy question:What is the most important properties of these materials ( Lead, tin, Silicon, Arsenic)?

For a BCC iron-carbon alloy that contains 0.23 wt% C, calculate the fraction of unit cells that contain carbon atoms.

One carbon atom per   ? unit cells.

(1) Describe briefly the definition of fully developed laminar flow.

(2) From governing laws for fully developed laminar flow, derive an equation for fully developed laminar flow that shows the relation between flowrate and pressure gradient.