Question

What are lesion vs. activation studies and what is the relationship of these two to the two principles of achieving localization?

Two tools for getting non-invasive pictures of lesions (CT and MRI) and the very basics of how they work Lesion studies – what are the advantages and disadvantages?

TMS – what does it do and what is it used for?

Answer 1

Lesion studies are part of cognitive neuroscience, study involves the leasions of brain as the result of of injury, illness, induced by researcher, primarly it is area of declarative memory. Activational studies is a study regarding stimulation of cerebral cortex into a state of general wakefullness.

The source localization method for locating focal cortical activities during upper limb movements post stroke specific function have relatively circumscribed location in different pat of the body which helps to locate leasions.

MRI is a non invasive and does not use radiation, it can characterize and discriminate among tissues,it creates extremely clear, detailed images of soft tissues.contrast agents are well tolerated, little patient preparation and its non invasive

It can produce an allergic reaction, patient throuhhput is slow as compared to others,patients with pacemakerscannot use it, some patients feel claustrophobic because small bone magnets, it requires careful schielding.

CT shows high quality , short study time, Painless, non invasive, accurate, it can take images of bone, soft tissues, blood vessels, it provide detailed images

it has high doses of radiation, use of contrast method is inappropriate for kidney patients.

TMS is noninvasive procedure which uses magnetic field to stimulate nerve cells in brain to improve symptoms of depression

TMS is used to stimulate nerve cells in brain , used when other depression treatments are ineffective