Question

In: Biology

1. An increase in which of the following serum components would induce an episode of gout?...

1. An increase in which of the following serum components would induce an episode of gout?

		Glutamine
		Urate
		Ammonia
		Cholesterol

2. Which of these intermediates in cholesterol biosynthesis is the substrate for the enzyme at the key regulatory step of the pathway?

		dimethylallyl pyrophosphate
		3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA
		3-isopentyl pyrophosphate
		mevalonate

3. Which of the following is NOT involved in the activation of glucose for glycogen synthesis?

		Phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase to glucose-6-phosphate.
		Isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate by phosphohexose isomerase.
		Two-step phosphoryl group transfer by phosphoglucomutase.
		Attachment of glucose-1-phosphate to UDP.

Expert Solution

Q.1. Answer- Urate

Explanation- Uric acid is produced as end product of purine degradation and when kidneys can not efficiently eliminate uric acid or increased purine degradation leads to increase in blood uric acid level. This condition is known as gout.

Increase in blood glutamine, ammonia or cholesterol is not related to gout.

Q.2. Answer- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl -CoA

Explanation- The rate limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis is conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl -CoA (HMG-CoA) into mevalonate by the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. So that the HMG-CoA is the intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis is the substrate for the enzyme at the key regulatory step of the pathway.

Q.3. Answer- Isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate by phosphohexose isomerase

Explanation- the second reaction of glycolysis is the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate into fructose 6-phosphate by the enzyme phosphohexose isomerase enzyme. This reaction is not involved in glycogen synthesis.

Steps involved in activation of glucose for glycogen synthesis-

• Phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase to glucose 6-phosphate - first reaction in glycogen synthesis is phosphorylation of glucose to glucose- 6-phosphate with conversion of ATP to ADP by enzyme hexokinase.

• Two-step phosphoryl group transfer by phosphoglucomutase- for initiation of glycogen synthesis, glucose 6-phosphate is converted into glucose 1-phosphate by the enzyme phoglucomutase which is then activated by UDP.

• Attachment of glucose 1-phosphate to UDP- glucose 1-phosphate is then attached to UDP to form UDP- glucose by the enzyme UDP-glucose pyropgosphorylase. UDP-glucose is donor of glucose at the glycogen synthase reaction.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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