Question

Answer the following Nutrition Problems:

1. Which of the following suggestions would best increase calories and protein in a malnourished client?

a) Use protein supplements to replace meals.

b) Avoid refined grains that provide unnecessary calories.

c) Drink water instead of sweetened drinks and juices.

d) Use milk instead of water when making soups, cooked cereals, etc.

2. A patient recently had surgery to remove cancerous cells from the neck and ear.  Several molars were removed from the mouth for radiation.  During the radiation, salivary glands were impaired.  Patient complains of nausea, dry mouth, and difficulty chewing.  What measures could you offer this client to improve his/her oral intakes?  Choose ALL that apply.

- Add sauces and gravies to foods.

- Use sour candy or gum to stimulate saliva.

- Consume liquids throughout the day.

- Use alcohol-containing mouthwash to improve dryness in the mouth.

- Avoid ice cream and milkshakes that are too cold for the mouth.

3. A client has colon cancer, and undergoing radiation post-surgery.  The client is experiencing malnutrition, diarrhea, and poor appetite.  What measures could you offer this client to improve his/her oral intakes? Select ALL that apply.

- Eat small frequent meals

- Consume nutrient dense foods in a meal first.

- Save liquids to drink at meal time.

- Include bulk-forming foods such as legumes and vegetables.

4. A patient has HIV receiving aggressive drug therapy.  The patient complains that foods don’t taste right and feeling full all the time. In response, the patient has poor oral intakes.  What measures could you offer this client to improve his/her oral intakes? Select ALL that apply.

- Choose smaller, more frequent meals.

- Avoid heavy sauces, seasonings and sweeteners.

- Choose meat dishes instead of eggs or milk.

- Drink fluids during meals.

- Consume foods chilled at room temperature.

5. The patient is several days post-surgery to remove a tumor in the throat.  The patient has swallowing difficulty resulting in poor oral intakes and weight loss.  What measures could you offer this client to improve his/her oral intakes and prevent further weight loss? Select all that APPLY

-Avoid sauces and gravies on foods.

-Use peanut butter on fruits to make them easier to swallow.

-Drink fluids during meals.

-Use a straw to drink liquids.

Answer 1

ANSWER :

1.Option d - Use milk instead of water when making soups, cooked cereals , etc.

Reason :

• Milk contains(whole cow's milk-250ml) : 150 calories , 7.7 gms protein
• So, milk is the best source of calories and protein in malnourished client.

2. Option a, b ,c and e

Reason :

• Adding sauces and gravies add moisture to food and keeps the mouth moist and easy to chew and swallow.
• Chewing sour candy or sugar free gums helps in stimulation of saliva production.
• Consuming liquids throughout the day helps to keep the mouth moist.
• Ice creams and milkshakes maintain moisture and easy to chew and swallow.
• Alcohol containing mouthwashes should be avoided as they makes the mouth more dry.
• Non alcohol mouth washes like ACT and biotene are best choice.

3.Option a and b

Reason :

• Eat small frequent meals : Reduces fullness of stomach and improves appetite.
• Consume nutrient dense foods in a meal first : High calorie and low nutrient food is not sufficient for a client on radiotherapy.
• Drinking fluids in between the meals will help in preventing fullness of stomach during meals and avoid drinking liquids along with meals.
• Bulk forming foods may increase diarrhea, so they are avoided.

4.Option a and c

Reason :

• Choose smaller and more frequent meals : food is adequately absorped.
• Plain and bland foods are good : reduce nausea and vomiting
• Fluids should be avoided during meals as they cause fullness of stomach and reduces intake of food.
• Meat is preferred over eggs and milk.
• Never eat the food chilled at room temperature because the organisms grow which grow at room temperature makes them ill.