Fundamental Analysis is a holistic approach to study a business.
It is critical for an investor to separate the daily short-term
disturbances in the stock prices and focus on the underlying
business performance. Over a
long term, the stock prices of a fundamentally strong company tend
to appreciate, thereby creating
wealth for its investors.
- The financial statement provides information and conveys the
financial position of the
company
- A complete set of financial statements include the Profit &
Loss Account, Balance Sheet
and Cash Flow Statement
- PBT = Total Revenue – Total Expense – Exceptional items
- EPS reflects the earning capacity of a company on a per share
basis. Earnings are profit
after tax and preferred dividends
- The sum of all assets should equal the sum of all liabilities.
Only then the Balance sheet is
said to have balanced
- A legitimate company has three main activities – operating
activities, investing activities
and the financing activities
- Return on Equity (ROE) is a very valuable ratio. It indicates
how much return the shareholders
are making over their initial investment in the company
- Debt to equity ratio measures the amount of equity capital with
respect to the debt capital.
Debt to equity of 1 implies equal amount of debt and equity
- The P/E ratio indicates the willingness of market participants
to pay for a stock, keeping
the company’s earnings in perspective
- The profit and loss statement gives the profitability of the
company for the year under
consideration
- The Net Present Value (NPV) of money is the sum of all the
present values of the future
cash flows