Question

1-What is pathophysiology of septic arthritis disease?

2- What is description and function of shoulder ?

3- What is description and function of knee ?

Answer 1

1.PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SEPTIC ARTHRITIS DISEASE:

bacterial invasion of the highly vascular synovium results in bacterials and multiplication in the subsynovium.the host responds with acute infammatory reaction and phagocytes by the polymorphonuclear leukocytes.toxins and enzymes are released by bacterial and stimulated t-cells leading to destruction of the articular cartilage.revascularization,synovial proliferation and granulation tissue develop.synovial fluid white blood cells count can exceed over 50,000/mm3 and increased intracavitary in necrosis of the synovium and cartilage.pro-infalmmatory cytokines such as interluken-1 and tumor necrosis factor a also contribute to joint injury

2.DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTIONS OF SHOULDER:

SHOULDER:

The shoulder is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body. The shoulder joint formed where the humerus(upper arm bone) fits into the scapula(shoulder blade), like a ball and socket.Other important bones in the shoulder.

the muscle and joint of the sholuder allow it to move through a remarkable range of motion,making it one of the most mobile joints in the human bosy.the shoulder can abduct,adduct,rotate,be raised in front of and behind the torsp move through aa full 360 degree in the sagital plane.this tremondous range of motion also makes the sholder extremely unstable,far more prone to dislocation and injury than other joints.

3.DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTIONS OF KNEE:

KNEE:

The knee joins the thigh and the leg and consists of two joints,one between the femur and tibia and one between the femur and patella. It is the largest joint in the human body . The knee is a modified hinge joint,which permits flexion and extension as well as slight internal and external rotation.The knee vulnerable to injury and to the development of osteoarthritis.

FUNCTIONS:

1. weight bearing.

2. essential for daily activities;standing,walking,climbing stairs.

3.The main joint responsible for sports,running.

4.Functioning shortening and lengthening of the extremity by flexion and extension.