In: Chemistry
How does the principle of "like dissolves like" explain the different solubilities of solutes in various solvents?
and
What amount, in grams solute per 100 mlL solvent, classifies a solute eas being "souble" in a particular solvent?
A)
Like dissolves in like means polar compounds tend to dissolve in
polar solvents and that non-polar compounds tend to dissolve in
non-polar solvents. Polar solvent includes H2O and non polar
includes oil .So oil won't dissolve in water because oil consists
of non-polar long-chain hydrocarbon molecules, and water is
polar.
Bond iis basically electrostatic force of attraction. So if two
polar molecules are near each other, there is attraction force
between their positive end of one and negative part pof other. So
they form bond. In contrast, the oil molecules aren't polar (don't
have positively or negatively charged areas), so if a water
molecule is next to an oil molecule, these bonds can't be
formed.
For example, glucose is polar and very water soluble but not
soluble in oils. Vitamin A or beta-carotene is not water soluble,
but will dissolve in fats and oils, which are also
non-polar.
B)
Solubity depends on solubility product. So I dont think there is a
predefined way to say how many grams can dissolve in 100 mL to
clasify them as soluble