Question

True or False

The kinds of atoms found in living things have a fundamentally different composition and structure than atoms found in inanimate ​materials.

An adequate supply of vitamins and minerals is essential to the healthy functioning of cells.

The effects on organisms of dominant alleles are always bad, while those of recessive alleles are always good.

The “language” of DNA, i.e., how the sequences of A, C, G, and T are interpreted, is the same in all species, even those that ​appear to differ greatly in complexity such as fungi and mammals.

Answer 1

The first statement is false

The composition and kind of atoms in both living and dead (inanimate) materials are same. They are not different significantly. It can be understood by the fact that several inorganic nutrients like phosphorous, calcium and potassium are key nutrients for both plants and animals. The structure and atomic properties of these atoms remains essentially the same even after they have been internalized or absorbed by living systems.

The second statement is true

The sufficient supply of vitamins and minerals are very important for proper functioning of cell. If there is imbalance in their concentration then it can cause several diseases. Like scurvy, night blindness, beri beri etc. Vitamins and minerals work as co factors and coenzymes during several enzymatic processes.

The third statement is false-

Neither effect of dominant allele is always good nor effect of recessive allele is always bad. It all depends on which type of allele we are analyzing. So. alleles are good or bad , not their pattern of inheritance per se. There are so many diseases like cystic fibrosis, tay sach diseases which are autosomal recessive. Whereas. positive effect of dominant allele can be seen in classic mendelian experiments like allele for tallness in pea plant was a dominant allele.

The fourth statement is true-

The language of DNA remains the same irrespective of complexity of organism. The triplet codon made up of A, T , G, C and U (in RNA) will code for same types of amino acid during protein synthesis in every organism. No matter in which organism these codons are present, For example- AUG ( ATG in DNA) will code for methionine in fungi or in elephant or human being. These genetic codes are universal.