Question

1. Suppose a computer is moved from our Department to another department in another building. Does its MAC address need to be changed? Does the IP address need to be changed?
2. Give three differences between IPv4 and IPv6.
3. Why does Ethernet perform better than Aloha even though it is based on Aloha
4. What is the key difference between router and switch
5. What are advantages of datagram based forwarding over connection based forwarding?

Answer 1

Answers: a. A MAC address is one which is physical address and are assigned directly by the hardware manufacture. There are some important stuff in a computer like CPU, Motherboard ,ROM ,etc. which cannot over ridden easily. So moving from one department to another department in another building will not affect the MAC Address, hence MAC address need not to be change. Now coming to IP address if you move from one building to another then it is obvious you will be using different router or network then the Ip address needed to be changed. An IP address is changes accordingly if you move geographically.

b. Three difference between the IPv4 and IPv6

Difference Basis	Ipv4	Ipv6
Address Size	Ipv4 is of 32- bit in address space, which can store 232 more than 4 billon space	IPv6 is of 128- bit address space which can hold up to 2128. It allows 340 undecillion unique address space.
Address mode	It uses numeric address and binary bits that are separated through dot (.) E.g.: 172.55.355.7	It uses alphanumeric address whose binary bits are being separated by (:). and contains hexadecimal. E.g. 1995.0fg8:0000:0000:0000:0000:fg00:0034:7878
Number of classes use	It uses five different classes of an Ip Address i.e. from Class A to Class E	IPv6 allows unlimited number to store as IP address.

c. Ethernet perform better than Aloha because in Aloha protocol there is a chance for collision it is very simple protocol if it does not receive the acknowledgement sent by the aloha station in short duration of time then the collision take place. Upon detecting the collision sent by transmitting station it again try to retransmit the packets this create huge traffic in aloha channel. In Ethernet device try to send the frame at any instance of time. The device sense whether the line idle and available for the use. When the device begins to transmit the first frame and it reaches successfully to the destination then the second frames moves and so on.

d. The key difference between router and a switch

Key	Router	Switch
Objective	It main objective is to connect various networks. Directs the data in networks. Data are pass between pc and modem	Main objective is to connect various device in a network. Allow to connects multiple devices , managing the ports,VLAN security setting
Layer	Router works in the Network Layer	Works in Data Link Layer
Format of Data	Router sends the data in the form of packets.	It sends the data in both the packets and frames(L2 switch).
Ports use	It use port 2/4/5/8	Switch is multiport Bridge 24/48 ports

d. Advantages of datagram based forwarding over connection based forwarding.

A datagram is not addresed to the local destination, it forwarded from a router to the other router until it reaches to destination network. The router forwards the packets to the final destination using next hop forwarding. It is true packet switched network . Here all the packets are free to use any of the available path as it is connection less , whereas a connection based forwading a has fixed path for the particular session, after that it set another path for the next session .