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Generally Accepted Accounting Principles: This question post with a minimum 100-word count requirement.This week we have...

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles: This question post with a minimum 100-word count requirement.This week we have learned about four of the generally accepted accounting principles – revenue recognition, expense recognition, the matching principle, and the historical cost principle. Briefly explain what is meant by each of these and how they are applied to accrual accounting.

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Revenue recognition: Revenue is recognized in accounting if its necessary performance obligations are complete. Suppose a company receives order for the sale of goods of $20,000; receiving such order can’t establish sales revenue; the company has to deliver the goods to the buyer; such delivery is the performance obligation here; after such delivery, the company can make the entry of $20,000 sale in the books of accounts. This is the way of application to accrual accounting.

Expense recognition: Expense is recognized as and when it is incurred. Suppose an insurance policy is taken in this year 1st October and for which the premium is paid for $1,200 for a year; the financial year ends at 31st December every year; in case of accrual accounting the premium would be charged to account for (October to December =) 3 months for this year; premium = 1,200 × (3/12) = $300.

Matching principle: This is the matching of expense with the required revenue of a year. If the accrual method of accounting is maintained, such matching is compulsory for true and fair disclosure of profits and accounts. Suppose there is a merchandise expense of $20,000 of which sales would be made in the following month for $32,000; since the sale is not in this month, that expense must not be treated in this month.

Historical cost: machines and assets are recorded in earlier original cost or historical cost but not in the current market price; this principle is very important in the accrual basis since such value is authentic and vouchers could be provided for checking.     


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