What are the differences between alkenes and alkynes? What are the differences between cis- and trans-isomers?...

What are the differences between alkenes and alkynes? What are the differences between cis- and trans-isomers? How are cistrans isomers used for night vision?

Expert Solution

1: Alkenes are hydrocarbons containing atleast one -C=C- double bond. Alkynes are hydrocarbons containing atleast one carbon - carbon triple bond.

2: Cis - isomers are the geometrical isomers in which the lowest priority groups are present on the same side of -C=C- double bond. Trans - isomers are the geometrical isomers in which the lowest priority groups are present on the opposite side of -C=C- double bond.

e.g:

3: Our eye contains an organic compound called 'retinal' which is an aldehyde containing a lot of carbon - carbon double bonds. In normal condition(absence of light) retinal exist as cis - retinal. However when light falls on eye the cis - retinal is exicted after receiving energy. This excitation energy breaks the Pi - bond between C11 and C12 causing free rotation about the double bond. Due to this free rotation cis - retinal is converted to trans-retinal. This trans-retinal helps in the vision during night.

queen_honey_blossom answered 4 months ago

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