Given the various industries we examined (i.e. agriculture, tobacco, banks, pharmaceuticals, etc.), which industries do you suspect have the highest betas? Which ones have the lowest betas? Provide an economic explanation for your reason. Hint: Talk about the business operations of each industry and how demand for their products/services is affected during up- and down-markets.

1. Fill in the table below for the indifference curve that corresponds to a Utility = 0.05 and an investor risk aversions of A=3 and A=4.  

You have been given the following return​ data:

               Expected Return      
Year   Asset A   Asset B   Asset C
2021          7%       8%           2%
2022          9%       6%           4%
2023          11%      4%   6%
2024          13%      2%           8%

on three assets-​A, ​B, and C over the period 2021--2024

Using these​ assets, you have isolated three investment​ alternatives:

Alternative   Investment          
1   100%   of asset A      
2   50%      of asset A and 50% of asset B
3   50%      of asset A and 50% of asset C

a. Calculate the average portfolio return for each of the three alternatives.

b. Calculate the standard deviation of returns for each of the three alternatives.

c. On the basis of your findings in parts a and b​, which of the three investment alternatives would you​ recommend? Why?

Consider the following securities: Risky security: E(R) = 10% and standard deviation= 20. Risk-free
security: Rf = 5%. You want to construct a portfolio combining the risky security
and the risk-free security such that you get an expected return of 15%.
(a) What weights would you need to put in the risky and the risk-free securities to
earn a 15%?
(b) What is the standard deviation of this portfolio? What is the reward-to-
variability ratio?
(c) Draw the capital allocation line (CAL). Label the points and the axes clearly.
(d) Now, suppose that instead of one risky security and one risk-free security, you
can invest in two risky securities. Security 1: E(R1) = 10% and standard deviation₁ = 20%.
Security 2: E(R2) = 6% and standard deviation₂ = 10% with p= 0:3. What weights would you
need to place in the two risky securities to earn a 15% expected return? What
is the standard deviation of this portfolio?
(e) Find the expected return and the standard deviation of the minimum-variance
portfolio (MVP) on the investment opportunity set.

Century Roofing is thinking of opening a new warehouse, and the key data are shown below. The company owns the building that would be used, and it could sell it for $100,000 after taxes if it decides not to open the new warehouse. The equipment for the project would be depreciated by the straight-line method over the project's 3-year life, after which it would be worth nothing and thus it would have a zero salvage value. No new working capital would be required, and revenues and other operating costs would be constant over the project's 3-year life. What is the project's NPV? (Hint: Cash flows are constant in Years 1-3.)

A firm can lease a truck for 4 years at a cost of $41,000 annually. It can instead buy a truck at a cost of $91,000, with annual maintenance expenses of $21,000. The truck will be sold at the end of 4 years for $31,000. a. Calculate present value if the discount rate is 10%

Bonds often pay a coupon twice a year. For the valuation of bonds that make semiannual payments, the number of periods doubles, whereas the amount of cash flow decreases by half. Using the values of cash flows and number of periods, the valuation model is adjusted accordingly.

1) Assume that a $1,000,000 par value, semiannual coupon US Treasury note with four years to maturity has a coupon rate of 4%. The yield to maturity (YTM) of the bond is 7.70%. Using this information and ignoring the other costs involved, calculate the value of the Treasury note:

a) $874,669.10

b) $551,041.53

c) $743,468.74

d) $1,049,602.92

Based on your calculations and understanding of semiannual coupon bonds, complete the following statement:

2) When valuing a semiannual coupon bond, the time period variable(N) used to calculate the price of a bond reflects the number of (4-month, 8-month, 6-month, 12-month) periods remaining in the bond’s life.

Assume that Valley Forge Hospital has only the following three payer groups:

Payer Number of admission Average Revenue per Admission Variable Cost per Admission

PennCare 1,000 5,000 3,000

Medicare 4,000 4,500 4,000

Commercial 8,000 7,000 2,500

The hospitals fixed costs are $38 million

a. What is the hospital's net income?

b. Assume that half of the 100,000 covered lives in the commercial payer group will be moved into a capitated plan. All utilizations and cost data remain the same. What PMPM rate will the hospital have to charge to retain its Part a net income?

c. What overall net income would be produced if the admission rate of the capitated group were reduced from the commercial level by 10 percent?

d. Assuming that the utilization reduction also occurs, what overall net income would be produced if the variable cost per admission for the capitated group were lowered to $2,200?

13.1 Seattle Health Plans currently uses zero-debt financing. Its operating income (earnings before interest and taxes, or EBIT) is $1 million, and it pays taxes at a 40 percent rate. It has $5 million in assets and because it is all-equity financed, $5 million in equity. Suppose the firm is considering replacing half of its equity financing with debt financing bearing an interest rate of 8 percent. a. What impact would the new capital structure have on the firm’s net income, total dollar return to investors, and ROE? b. Redo the analysis, but now assume that the debt financing would cost 15 percent. c. Return to the initial 8 percent interest rate. Now, assume that EBIT could be as low as $500,000 (with a probability of 20 percent) or as high as $1.5 million (with a probability of 20 percent). There remains a 60 percent chance that EBIT would be $1 million. Redo the analysis for each level of EBIT, and find the expected values for the firm’s net income, total dollar return to investors, and ROE. What lesson about capital structure and risk does this illustration provide? d. Repeat the analysis required for Part a, but now assume that Seattle Health Plans is a not-for-profit corporation and pays no taxes. Compare the results with those obtained in Part a. (just need the answer to D.)

You are ready to buy a house and you have $85,000 for a down payment and closing costs. Closing costs are estimated to be 3.5% of the loan value.   You have an annual salary of $125,000. The bank is willing to allow your monthly mortgage payment to be equal to 28% of your monthly income.   The interest rate on the loan is 4.5% per year with monthly compounding for a 30-year fixed rate loan.

1. How much money will the bank loan you?
2. How much can you offer for the house?
3. Construct a loan amortization table for the mortgage. Please submit the actual Excel spreadsheet with formulas embedded in the spreadsheet.

The questions below are all based on the following assumptions:

1. Assume you are the CFO of a publicly traded corporation

2. Assume you are seeking to borrow and/or raise some money

3. Assume you have two options:

Option A: Sign with a bank for a 30-yr $100,000 bank loan at 3% APR

Option B: Issue a 30-yr $100,000 bond with a 3% coupon rate

Question 1) Which of the two options has the higher duration?

Question 2) In which of the options would you pay more interest over the full 30 years?

Question 3) Assuming that you knew interest rates were going to increase in the future, which of the two options would provide you with more free cash flow and flexibility to re-invest at the higher interest rate over the first 20 years?

You are asked to conduct a five-year economic feasibility study of an e-commerce site for a small office supply company. Due to construction time, the system will only be in operation for 6 months for the current year (Year 1). Once the system is in operation, you expect to reduce staff cost by $37,000 and to reduce printing/postage cost by $12,000 for a full year of operation between year 1 and year 3. The numbers will be $38,000 and $15,000, respectively, for year 4 and year 5.

New computer and software costs $6,000, and the cost of system development is estimated at $87,500. The software license and the cost of hiring/training a part-time operator is totaled $8,000 per full year of operation between year 1 and year 3. The same cost is estimated to be $9,000 for year 4 and 5.

1.) Calculate the NPV for the above project assuming a discount rate of 6%. Is there a break-even point in the first five years? If so, when? What is the ROI for the project? Make sure to prorate the appropriate system costs and benefits for Year 1. Make a spreadsheet showing all years.

2.) What is the impact on NPV if the discount rate is 9% instead? Does the NPV decreases with higher discount rate? Why or why not? Paste another copy of the spreadsheet.

3.) Use Goal Seek feature of Excel to find out the amount of the development cost that would make the NPV zero for the project.

Search case study “Orange County Bankruptcy”

a. What was the Orange County Governance Structure?

b. What was the Orange County Investment Pool and balance sheet (1994)?

c. What was Citrons Strategy?

d. How the Fed action affects the interest rate in 1994?

e. Describe the crisis following the Fed action.

f. Describe the outcomes?