Cash Budgeting
The sales budget for your company in the coming year is based on a quarterly growth rate of 10 percent, with the first-quarter sales projection at $165 million. In addition to this basic trend, the seasonal adjustments for the four quarters are, in millions, 0, -$12, –$6, and $18, respectively. Generally, 50 percent of the sales can be collected within the quarter and 45 percent in the following quarter; the rest of the sales are bad debt. The bad debts are written off in the second quarter after the sales are made. The beginning accounts receivable balance is $84 million. Assuming all sales are on credit, compute the cash collections from sales for each quarter.

Don't round off until you get to the end.

Describe and provide examples of price and quality controls in health care policies.

Question

(a) If a company XYZ Limited has stated retained earnings of A$100m and has in total issued 150 million ordinary shares, has drawn down bank debt of A$200 million, carries goodwill of A$87m, has no net cash and the market share price of XYZ is currently $1.40. Calculate the enterprise value of XYZ.

(b) If an investor has a short term investment horizon of 2-3 weeks then the most appropriate investment strategy for generating alpha returns above benchmark could likely be which of the following? Choose only one appropriate option and explain your reasoning.
a. technical analysis

b. fundamental analysis

c. micro-economic industry analysis

d. geo-political risk analysis

Parramore Corp has $17 million of sales, $2 million of inventories, $2 million of receivables, and $2 million of payables. Its cost of goods sold is 70% of sales, and it finances working capital with bank loans at an 7% rate. Assume 365 days in year for your calculations. Do not round intermediate steps.

1. What is Parramore's cash conversion cycle (CCC)? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
   days
2. 
   
3. If Parramore could lower its inventories and receivables by 12% each and increase its payables by 12%, all without affecting sales or cost of goods sold, what would be the new CCC? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
   days
4. 
   
5. How much cash would be freed up, if Parramore could lower its inventories and receivables by 12% each and increase its payables by 12%, all without affecting sales or cost of goods sold? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent. Write out your answer completely. For Example, 13.2 million should be entered as 13,200,000.
   $
6. 
   
7. By how much would pretax profits change, if Parramore could lower its inventories and receivables by 12% each and increase its payables by 12%, all without affecting sales or cost of goods sold? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent. Write out your answer completely. For Example, 13.2 million should be entered as 13,200,000.
   $

Question

Delta, Vega, Rho, Gamma and Theta are the five important Greeks which a derivative trader must be aware of. Describe any two out of these five Greeks.

6. Solving for the WACC The WACC is used as the discount rate to evaluate various capital budgeting projects. However, it is important to realize that the WACC is an appropriate discount rate only for a project of average risk.

Analyze the cost of capital situations of the following company cases, and answer the specific questions that finance professionals need to address. Consider the case of Turnbull Co. Turnbull Co. has a target capital structure of 58% debt, 6% preferred stock, and 36% common equity. It has a before-tax cost of debt of 11.1%, and its cost of preferred stock is 12.2%. If Turnbull can raise all of its equity capital from retained earnings, its cost of common equity will be 14.7%. However, if it is necessary to raise new common equity, it will carry a cost of 16.8%.

If its current tax rate is 25%, how much higher will Turnbull’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC) be if it has to raise additional common equity capital by issuing new common stock instead of raising the funds through retained earnings? (Note: Round your intermediate calculations to two decimal places.)

0.91%

0.99%

0.76%

0.68%

Peters Company leased a machine from Johnson Corporation on January 1, 2021. The machine has a fair value of $22,000,000. The lease agreement calls for five equal payments at the end of each year. The useful life of the machine was expected to be five years with no residual value. The appropriate interest rate for this lease is 12%.

Other information:

PV of an ordinary annuity @12% for 5 periods: 3.60478
PV of an annuity due @12% for 5 periods: 4.03735

Required:
1. Determine the amount of each lease payment.
2. Prepare the journal entry for Peters Company at the beginning of the lease.
3. Prepare the journal entry for the first lease payment (ignore amortization).
4. Prepare the journal entry for the second lease payment (ignore amortization).

Compute the value of an option using the Black-Scholes formula. Underlying equity price = 50, one month to expiration, risk-free rate 0 4%, strike price = 50, volatility = 40%, dividends = 0.

How do the major forms of local government affect the role and influence of professionals in finance and budgeting?

XYZ Electronics is a mid-sized electronics manufacturer located in Germany. The company president is Mark Johnson, who inherited the company. When it was founded, over 70 years ago, the company originally repaired radios and other household appliances. Over the years the company expanded into manufacturing, and is now a reputable manufacturer of various electronic items. Sam Smith, a recent MBA graduate, has been hired by the company’s finance department.

One of the major revenue-producing items manufactured by XYZ is a personal digital assistant (PDA). XYZ currently has one PDA model on the market, and sales have been excellent. The PDA is a unique item in that it comes in a variety of tropical colours and is pre-programmed to play Billy Bragg music. However, as with any electronic item, technology changes rapidly, and the current PDA has limited features in comparison with newer models. XYZ spent €750,000 to develop a prototype for a new PDA that has all the features of the existing PDA but adds new features such as cell-phone capability. The company has spent a further €200,000 for a marketing study to determine the expected sales figures for the new PDA.

XYZ can manufacture the new PDA for €155 each in variable costs. Fixed costs for the operation are estimated to be €4.7 million per year. The estimated sales volumes are 74,000, 95,000, 125,000, 105,000 and 80,000 per year for the next five years, respectively. The unit price of the new PDA will be €360. The necessary equipment can be purchased for €21.5 million, and will be depreciated using the 20 per cent reducing-balance method. It is believed the value of the equipment in five years will be €4.1 million.

As previously stated, XYZ currently manufactures a PDA. Production of the existing model is expected to be terminated in two years. If XYZ does not introduce the new PDA, sales will be 80,000 units and 60,000 units for the next two years, respectively. The price of the existing PDA is €290 per unit, with variable costs of €120 each and fixed costs of €1,800,000 per year. If XYZ does introduce the new PDA, sales of the existing PDA will fall by 15,000 units per year, and the price of the existing units will have to be lowered to €255 each. Net working capital for the PDAs will be 20 per cent of sales, and will occur with the timing of the cash flows for the year: for example, there is no initial outlay for NWC, but changes in NWC will first occur in year 1 with the first year’s sales. XYZ has a 35 per cent corporate tax rate and a 12 per cent required return.

Mark has asked Sam to prepare a report that answers the following questions.

Questions

a) What is the payback period of the project?

b) What is the profitability index of the project?

c) What is the IRR of the project?

d) What is the NPV of the project?

Broussard Skateboard's sales are expected to increase by 15% from $7.6 million in 2016 to $8.74 million in 2017. Its assets totaled $5 million at the end of 2016. Broussard is already at full capacity, so its assets must grow at the same rate as projected sales. At the end of 2016, current liabilities were $1.4 million, consisting of $450,000 of accounts payable, $500,000 of notes payable, and $450,000 of accruals. The after-tax profit margin is forecasted to be 7%. Assume that the company pays no dividends. Under these assumptions, what would be the additional funds needed for the coming year? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest dollar.

_________________$

Why is this AFN different from the one when the company pays dividends?

I. Under this scenario the company would have a higher level of retained earnings which would reduce the amount of additional funds needed.
II. Under this scenario the company would have a higher level of retained earnings which would increase the amount of additional funds needed.
III. Under this scenario the company would have a higher level of retained earnings but this would have no effect on the amount of additional funds needed.
IV. Under this scenario the company would have a lower level of retained earnings which would reduce the amount of additional funds needed.
V. Under this scenario the company would have a lower level of retained earnings but this would have no effect on the amount of additional funds needed.

A catering company buys some items with a list price of $5,000. If the supplier extends trade discount rates of 35/30/5, find the net price using the net price factor, complement method.

A photographer buys some merchandise with a list price of $7,000. If the supplier offers trade discount rates of 20/10/5, find the trade discount (in $). (Find the single equivalent discount first.)

You are analyzing the after-tax cost of debt for a firm. You know that the firm’s 12-year maturity, 12.50 percent semiannual coupon bonds are selling at a price of $1,212.11. These bonds are the only debt outstanding for the firm.

What is the current YTM of the bonds? (Round final answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.25%.)

What is the after-tax cost of debt for this firm if it has a marginal tax rate of 34 percent? (Round intermediate calculations to 4 decimal places, e.g. 1.2514 and final answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.25%.)

What is the current YTM of the bonds and after-tax cost of debt for this firm if the bonds are selling at par? (Round intermediate calculations to 4 decimal places, e.g. 1.2514 and final answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.25%.)

Mr. Homer, who turned 36 years old today, is getting serious about retirement planning. He has $85,000 already set aside in his retirement account and plans to add an equal amount in real terms at the end of each of the next 33 years so that he can retire at age 69. His goal is to build a retirement account that will enable him to make 25 annual withdraws with a purchasing power of $75,000 (at today’s prices) on his 70th through 94th birthdays. His retirement account is expected to earn 5.50% per year and the expected inflation rate is 2.50% per year. How much does Mr. Homer need to set aside in real terms at the end of each of the next 33 years to meet his retirement goal
Round to nearest penny

The following data relate to the operations of Shilow Company, a wholesale distributor of consumer goods:

1. The gross margin is 25% of sales.

2. Actual and budgeted sales data:

3. Sales are 60% for cash and 40% on credit. Credit sales are collected in the month following sale. The accounts receivable at March 31 are a result of March credit sales.

4. Each month’s ending inventory should equal 80% of the following month’s budgeted cost of goods sold.

5. One-half of a month’s inventory purchases is paid for in the month of purchase; the other half is paid for in the following month. The accounts payable at March 31 are the result of March purchases of inventory.

6. Monthly expenses are as follows: commissions, 12% of sales; rent, $1,800 per month; other expenses (excluding depreciation), 6% of sales. Assume that these expenses are paid monthly. Depreciation is $909 per month (includes depreciation on new assets).

7. Equipment costing $1,000 will be purchased for cash in April.

8. Management would like to maintain a minimum cash balance of at least $4,000 at the end of each month. The company has an agreement with a local bank that allows the company to borrow in increments of $1,000 at the beginning of each month, up to a total loan balance of $20,000. The interest rate on these loans is 1% per month and for simplicity we will assume that interest is not compounded. The company would, as far as it is able, repay the loan plus accumulated interest at the end of the quarter.

Required: Prepare the budget assumptions for the quarter.